Itis refers to an inflammation like bronchitis or tonsillitis.

它指是一种如支气管炎或扁桃体炎炎症。

Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections, as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema.

在气道和肺内部，抽烟会增加感染可能性，以及慢性疾病，比如支气管炎和肺气肿。

At the time it had been described as 'purulent bronchitis', but its symptoms resembled those of the Spanish flu.

当时它被描述为“化脓性支气管炎”，但其症与西班牙流感相似。

This contributes to the city's dangerously poor air quality, which can cause bronchitis and diminished lung function.

加剧了该城市本就恶劣空气质量，会导致支气管炎和肺功能下降。

Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.

慢性支气管炎治疗包括降低风险因，例如戒烟，有治疗相关疾病症。

This was never 'flu. It looks like bronchitis.

根本不是流感 像是支气管炎。

Dr. Adalian asked me to check the status of her bronchitis.

阿戴里安医生让我检查她支气管炎。

Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

慢性支气管炎与肺气肿同属于慢性阻塞型肺疾病（COPD、慢阻肺）。

Even so, Stuart caught a bad cold, and this turned into bronchitis, and Stuart had to stay in bed for almost two weeks.

即便如此，斯图亚特是得了一场重感冒，然后又转成了支气管炎，使斯图亚特不得不在床上躺了差不多两周。

People with chronic bronchitis also often present with hypoxemia, low oxygen in the blood, and hypercapnia, increased carbon dioxide in the blood.

慢支患者经常合并有低氧血症，即血中氧气含量低，以及高碳酸血症，即血中二氧化碳含量高。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中2种类型。

I now know about his bronchitis, his problems with his dry cleaner, but absolutely no explanation whatsoever about why he cashed out.

我现在知道他有支气管炎，他对干洗剂过敏，但都不能解释为何他会资金脱节。

Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that’s diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.

慢性支气管炎是慢阻肺一种，它诊断基于临床表现，特别是咳大量黏痰。

Even though an increased Reid index goes along with chronic bronchitis, the diagnosis is still done clinically and this measurement is not usually used diagnostically.

尽管慢支患者雷德指数会变大，项检测很少用于临床诊断。

As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, people with chronic bronchitis end up relying on coughing to get rid of their mucus plugs.

因为有太多痰液集聚，纤毛功能也变差，慢支病患者只能靠咳嗽来排除阻塞痰液。

And then with Blake I guess a year ago, with cough he couldn't get rid off, and every month going to the doctor with bronchitis or respiratory infection.

一年前和Blake在一起，因为咳嗽，他无法摆脱，每个月都去看支气管炎或者呼吸道感染医生。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症导致炎症失控另一个后果是慢性支气管炎，由黏液增多以及气道狭窄导致。

Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.

一般情下应少于40%，对于慢支患者来说，由于黏液腺肥大增生，该数值会大于40%。

This can hurt forests, lakes, and streams and the animals that live there, as well as damage buildings and cars, and cause respiratory issues like asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia in humans.

会破坏森林、湖泊和溪流，以及生活在那里动物，也会破坏建筑和汽车，导致人类哮喘、气管炎和肺炎等呼吸系统问题。

Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, exposure to dust and silica, as well as genetic factors like having a family history of chronic bronchitis.

慢性支气管炎其他致病因素包括空气污染物，例如硫和二氧化氮、暴露于灰尘和硅土，当然有遗传因素，例如有慢性支气管炎家族史。