1.Techniques to resolve the difficult cannulation cases include tapered tip catheter, guide wire, papillotome, and precut endoscopic papillotomy (EPT).

1.对于较困难之病例，管子，导引线法，电刀及内视镜乳突先前切开术乃解决法。

2.It shows that successfulness in puncturing can be more easily achived by applying tourniquets in several times and releasing the tourniquets after each cannulation when a less venosity appears.

2.说明利用套管针在静脉充盈不佳管穿刺时，行分次带和送管后松带可以提高穿刺成功率。