Well...- Got it from Barts morgue. I'm measuring the coagulation of saliva after death.

真无语... -医院的停尸间拿来的。我在测量人死后唾液的凝固时间。

The premature coagulation of the alloy starts to be set.

合金过早的凝结开始了。

After that, the coagulation cascade is activated.

之后，凝级联反应被激活。

The coagulation cascade can get started in two ways.

凝级联反应的启动分两种方式。

The coagulation cascade starts when one of these proteins gets proteolytically cleaved.

当某一个凝因子被活化即发生蛋白水解反应时，凝级联过程就开始了。

This animal byproduct, produced in the stomachs of certain mammals, can accelerate and control coagulation.

这类特定哺乳动物胃中动物副产品，可以加速控制凝结。

Hemophilia usually refers to inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors, which can be either quantitative or qualitative.

通常是指遗传性的凝因子缺乏症，可以是数量或者活性上的缺陷。

The coagulation cascade begins when one of these proteins gets proteolytically cleaved.

当这些凝因子之一被水解裂解时，凝级联反应就启动了。

An insufficient concentration or decreased activity of any coagulation factor can cause hemophilia, except factor XII deficiency which is asymptomatic.

任何凝因子的浓度不够或者活性降低都会引起，一个例外是缺乏因子XII的话，不会有相关症状出现。

Alright, as a quick recap - Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that is caused by an impaired coagulation cascade.

好！快速回顾一下：就是由凝级联反应受损造成的液疾。

I've had five bypasses of my heart, two years ago. You know, coagulation issues, because COVID causes your blood vessels that react strangely.

两年前，我因为凝问题做过五次心脏搭桥手术，而新冠会导致心管功能异常。

This means they act like brakes on coagulation, limiting clot formation and preventing clots from growing too big.

它们在凝过程中起到刹车的作用，限制块的形成，并防止块生成得太大。

The main approach is to use intravenous fluids and blood products to support the circulating volume and prevent a coagulation disorder from causing problems.

最主要的治疗方式是用静脉补液液制品来维持循环量，并且防止凝障碍带来的问题。

Another cause is autoimmunity against a clotting factor, and finally, there is disseminated intravascular coagulation which consumes coagulation factors.

另一个因是自身免疫因素对抗凝因子，最后还有弥散性管内凝，会消耗凝因子。

By inhibiting both the intrinsic and common pathway, less fibrin is produced and coagulation slows down dramatically.

通过抑制内源性共同凝途径，纤维蛋白产生减少，凝速度大大减慢。

Protein C and S prevent excess coagulation by interacting with several other proteins involved in a complex system of checks and balances.

蛋白CS通过与该复杂制衡机制中的其他蛋白相互作用来预防过度凝。

In either acute or chronic DIC, the treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, because that’s what drives the activation of the coagulation cascade.

无论是急性还是慢性的DIC，治疗方案都集中在处理原发，因为原发才是驱动凝级联反应活化的元凶。

Believe it or not, this is a somewhat simplified version of the coagulation cascade; but, it contains all of the key parts needed to understand hemophilia.

总之，这就是简化版的凝级联反应，已经包含了理解理所需的关键部分。

The main role of protein C and protein S is to prevent excess coagulation, or fibrin formation, during secondary hemostasis.

蛋白C蛋白S的主要作用是在二期止时防止过度凝（即纤维蛋白形成过多）。

At this point many of the described symptoms start to develop, like jaundice and pruritus or itchy skin, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy leading to confusion, and easy bruising from low coagulation factors.

肝硬化的症状开始出现，如黄疸、皮肤瘙痒、腹水、导致神智不清的肝性脑，以及因凝因子不足导致的瘀斑。