The distinctive taste comes from the amino acid glutamate.

这种独特的味道来自氨基酸谷氨酸。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性神经元使用谷氨酸，抑制性神经元使用伽玛氨基丁酸。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性神经递质为谷氨酸。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同时，香槟也有游离的谷氨酸盐和核苷酸，但不足以产生协同增效作用。

Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels.

谷氨酸与NMDA合，使细胞钙离子通道打开。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新的信息进入你的脑时，神经元就开始利用另一种神经递质——谷氨酸酯进行。

Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods.

谷氨酸盐是一种氨基酸，在所有蛋白质食物中可以找到。

Meanwhile, the brain adapts to chronic alcohol consumption by reducing GABA, dopamine, and endorphin transmission, and enhancing glutamate activity.

同时，脑为了适应长期的酒精摄入，会降低氨基丁酸、多巴胺及内啡肽的传递水平，同时提升谷氨酸盐的动。

Alcohol turns up the brain's primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA, and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.

酒精会给脑踩刹车，即提升氨基丁酸水平，使脑更镇静；同时给脑松油门，即降低谷氨酸水平，减弱兴奋度。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用谷氨酸盐相比，可以将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

Our body produces enough glutamate for all these processes, but the molecule is also present in our diet.

谷氨酸作为机能必需，除了会被人产生以外，还存在于我们的日常饮食中。

Combined with the lack of glutamate, you begin to think very little but with great clarity.

加之缺少谷氨酸，你思考变少，但思绪更清晰。

Glutamate plays a key role in our digestion, muscle function, and immune system.

谷氨酸对人消化和肌肉功能以及免疫系统都至关重要。

From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.

1908年至1956年，日本开始对味精进行商业开发，以一种缓慢又昂贵的提取方式获得味精。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

果证明它可以抑制谷氨酸的传递并增强伽玛氨基丁酸的传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

And because glutamate sites become less effective, information flow becomes slow, and only the largest signals can make it through.

由于谷氨酸有效性减小，信息流动变缓，因此只有最强的信号可以通过。

Excitatory neurotransmitters, like glutamate, bind to the receptors on neurons and tell them to open up ion channels and relay an electrical signal.

兴奋性神经递质（如谷氨酸）与神经元上的合，告诉它们打开离子通道并传递电信号。

Glutamate begins a wave of excitation while GABA not only inhibits this flow, but helps to organize and differentiate the results in your brain.

谷氨酸挑起兴奋波，而伽玛氨基丁酸不仅抑制这种波动，而且有助于组织和区分脑中的果。

That's because cytokines and prostaglandin can reach even higher structures in your brain, disrupting the activity of neurotransmitters, like glutamate, endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine.

这是因为细胞因子和前列腺素可以到达你脑中更高的构，破坏神经递质性，如谷氨酸，内啡肽，血清素，和多巴胺。

When you add some bubbly, the low levels of glutamate and nucleotides flow into those receptors, giving you an enhanced kick of synergy.

当你添加一些汽酒时，低水平的谷氨酸和核苷酸会流入这些，增强协同作用。