The malignant type of serous tumors are called serous cystadenocarcinomas, and malignant mucinous tumors are called mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.

恶浆称为浆腺癌，而恶黏也称黏腺癌。

This applies to both functional cysts and benign neoplasms like endometriomas, as well as serous and mucinous adenomas.

这适用于功能及诸如子宫内膜异位症、浆或黏腺等良。

Serous tumors have fluid-filled cysts, typically a single cyst, and can be benign, malignant, or borderline.

浆内有充满体泡，通常是单个，而且可能是良、恶或者中。

The outermost layer is either the adventitia, a thick fibrous connective tissue, or the serosa, a slippery serous membrane.

消化道外膜，既有结缔组织构成纤维膜，也有光滑、分泌浆浆膜。

This gives the wall of the serous pericardium a “buttered bread” appearance.

浆膜心包呈现“绒毛心”改变。

The most common subtype is serous carcinoma.

最常见是浆癌。

Basically, when heart cells die in a myocardial infarction, it leads to massive inflammation that also involves the serous pericardium.

心肌梗死导致心肌细胞死亡，引发累及浆膜心包强烈炎症反应。

On the other hand, neoplastic cysts include endometriomas, serous and mucinous cystadenomas, and mature cystic teratomas, as well as malignant ovarian tumors.

另一种是赘生，包括子宫内膜异位症、浆和黏腺、成熟畸胎，以及恶。

Both serous and malignant cystadenocarcinomas are cysts with an inflamed and swollen lining, and they commonly arise in postmenopausal women.

两种浆且恶腺癌都由发炎胀泡排列而成，同时它们通常见于绝经后女。

Benign serous tumors are called serous cystadenomas, and are the most common type, and often develop on both ovaries, and typically affect premenopausal women.

良浆称作浆腺，同时也是最常见，通常出现在两侧卵巢内，而且常见于绝经前女。

An interesting feature of serous cystadenocarcinomas is that they often contain psammoma bodies which are plaques with calcium and cellular debris.

浆腺癌一个有趣特点是它们通常还包含沙粒体；沙粒体是含有钙和细胞碎片斑块。

That’s when pericardial fluid begins to pool in the pericardial space, because the serous pericardium can’t remove it as quickly as it comes in.

心包积是渗出在心包腔内累积结果，因为浆膜心包吸收积速度小于体渗出速度。

The stiff, thickened serous pericardium makes it hard for the ventricles to expand - it’s like the heart is wrapped by a boa constrictor.

增厚硬化浆膜心包限制心室扩张；心脏如同蟒蛇缠绕一般。

On an echocardiogram, a pericardial effusion makes the heart look like it’s dancing within the pericardium, whereas chronic pericarditis shows the stiff serous pericardium restricting the heart’s movement.

超声心动图下，心包积致使心脏如同在心包腔内“舞蹈”；而慢心包炎表现为增厚心包限制心脏活动。

The genetic mutations found most often in serous carcinoma involve the TP53 gene, another tumor suppressor, and aneuploidy, or an abnormal number of chromosomes after cell division.

浆癌最常见基因突变包括TP53基因，也是一个抑癌基因，以及非整倍体，即细胞分裂后染色体数目异常。

Finally, the last category of neoplastic cysts include malignant ovarian tumours, like serous or mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, which develop from surface ovarian epithelium, just like their benign counterparts.

最后一种赘生为卵巢恶，如浆或黏腺癌，和良腺相似，它们也由表面卵巢上皮形成。

The inner layer of the pouch is the serous pericardium that includes the pericardial cavity, and is filled with a small amount of fluid that lets the heart slip around as it beats.

心包内层是浆膜心包，包括心包腔；心包腔内含有少量体，在心脏跳动时起润滑作用。

In chronic pericarditis, immune cells start to recruit fibroblasts which create lots of fibrin - a protein that makes the serous pericardium stiffer - a bit more like the fibrous pericardium.

在慢心包炎中，免疫细胞募集成纤维细胞分泌大量纤维蛋白，使浆膜心包硬化，与纤维心包质相似。

This is similar to tamponade physiology but happens more gradually and is a result of a change in the composition of the serous pericardium, rather than a fluid collection around the serous pericardium.

这些表现与心脏压塞类似，但进展缓慢，且发病原因是浆膜心包本身结构改变，而非心包积。

Serous and mucinous tumors arise from epithelial cells that line the outside of ovaries, whereas even though the tumors are found in the epithelium, the endometrioid and transitional cell tumors arise from other cell types.

浆和黏是由卵巢外侧上皮细胞癌变引起，而虽然这两种癌症都来自上皮癌变，内膜样和移行却来自其他类型细胞。