But using Koyama's record, they could precisely follow specific sunspots and clusters through that journey.

用小山的记录，在这一过程中，研究人员可以准确跟踪特定的黑或黑群。

What results are relatively dark blemishes on the solar surface called " sunspots" .

结果在太阳表面形成了黑斑，称为“太阳黑”。

The areas of the strongest fields coincide exactly with the position of sunspots.

磁场最强的部位正好就是太阳黑的位置。

At the beginning of a cycle the jet stream is found, like sunspots, in mid-latitudes.

在一个活动周期开始的时候，就可以找到高速气流，像中纬度地区的太阳黑。

The second study which suggests something odd is happening looked at the strengths of sunspots.

表明奇怪的事情正在发生的第二项研究检查了太阳黑的活力。

Sunspots are caused by irruptions into its surface of the sun's deeper magnetism.

太阳黑是由入侵活动进入太阳深层磁性表面造成的。

Around the edges of sunspots, the magnetic field lines are concentrated.

在太阳黑的边缘，磁力线是集中的。

Sunspots are only dark in relation to the bright material around them.

黑的暗只不过是对应着周围明亮的物质而言。

Galileo was one the first modern scientists to observe sunspots.

是现代第一个观察太阳黑的科学家。

" A direct measure of solar activity is the number of sunspots on the surface, " Reinhold said.

" 太阳活动的一个直接测量方法是太阳表面的黑数量，" 莱因霍尔德说。

They also worked out that the latitude of this wind is related to the sunspot cycle.

他们还计算出这次太阳风的纬度和太阳黑的活动周期相关。

This creates a bright rim around sunspots called faculae (Latin for “little torch”).

这就在太阳黑周围形成了一圈亮边，被称为光斑（拉丁文的意思是“小火炬”）。

An absence of sunspots also means an absence of solar flares and their more violent siblings, coronal mass ejections.

缺少太阳黑也意味着太阳耀斑以及它们更强烈的同胞-日冕物质抛射的不存在。

And the newer one also uses a secret formula based on mathematics, astronomy, sunspots, tides and the Earth's position.

它也使用了秘密公式，基于数学、天文学、太阳黑、潮汐和地球位置。

Not only does the Sun rotate, but sunspots themselves can actually spin like hurricanes on the solar surface.

不仅太阳在旋转，而且黑自身也会像飓风一样在太阳的表面旋转。

Ironically, sunspots actually increase the energy output of the Sun.

具有讽刺意味的是，太阳黑实际上增加了太阳的能量输出。

These flares typically emanate from the vicinity of sunspots and can travel all the way to Earth's atmosphere.

这些耀斑通常在太阳黑附近爆发，并可以一路直冲地球大气层。

When a sunspot unleashes its magnetic energy, what results are the most colossal explosions in the Solar System: solar flares.

当太阳黑释放其磁能时，就会引发太阳系里最剧烈的爆发：太阳耀斑。

Hot plasma moves inside the Sun, creating magnetic fields, which in turn can create sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections.

炽热的等离体在太阳内部移动，产生磁场，进而可以产生太阳黑、太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射。

It sits on the surface, dimming, producing a dark spot on the surface of the Sun, which we call… a sunspot.

它停在太阳表面，并在逐渐变暗，于是在太阳表面产生一个黑点，我们称之为太阳黑。