Most frequently, adenocarcinoma develops as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD for short.

最常见的一种情食管反（简称GERD）导致食管腺癌。

However, if the cells look abnormal, that's called dysplasia, and there’s a higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma.

然而，如果这些细胞看起来异常，那就叫做异型增生，并且发生腺癌的风险更高。

Finally, even though prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common type of prostate cancer, other rare types exist as well.

尽管部分的前列腺癌都前列腺腺癌，还有一些其他的少见类型存在。

The strongest risk factor for adenocarcinoma, on the other hand, is chronic GERD and Barrett's esophagus.

另一方面，腺癌最强的危险因素慢性食管反Barrett食管。

Barrett’s esophagus poses a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Barrett食管患者发生食管腺癌的风险较高。

Alright, as a quick recap… prostate cancer usually refers to prostate adenocarcinoma, but can also include more rare types of tumors as well.

好！快速回顾一下：前列腺癌通常指前列腺腺癌，但也包括其他的少见类型。

Prostate adenocarcinoma most often results from a genetic mutation in a luminal cell, but can also be a basal cell, and it results in that cell dividing uncontrollably.

前列腺癌多数由管腔细胞基因突变导致，不过基底细胞基因突变也可能导致前列腺癌，造成细胞分裂不受控制。

This is called Barrett’s esophagus - or Barrett’s metaplasia, and the cylindrical epithelium has a greater risk of degenerating into a particular type of esophageal cancer, called adenocarcinoma.

这被称为Barrett食管或Barrett化生，而柱状上皮有更的风险退化为一种特殊类型的食管癌，称为腺癌。

On the other hand, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States of America, and it originates in the columnar glandular epithelium, most often in the lower third of the esophagus.

另一方面，腺癌在美国最常见的食管癌类型；腺癌起源于柱状腺上皮细胞，最常位于食管的下三分之一。