So some vaccines contain substances called " adjuvants, " which put the immune system on higher alert.

为此，有疫苗会加点 “助”，以帮助免疫系统更敏感些。

Do we need a chemical stimulant we call an adjuvant?

我们需要一种我们称之为化学兴奋吗？

Those are called adjuvants, from the Latin " adjuvare, " to help or aid.

这些被称为，来自拉丁语“adjuvare”，用于帮助或帮助。

And we might add an adjuvant, as we talked about, to boost an immune response.

正如我们所说，我们可能会添加一种来增强免疫反应。

Adjuvants are molecules we might add to a vaccine to get a stronger response.

是我们可以添加到疫苗中以获得更强反应分子。

There are many different antigens to choose from and many different adjuvants.

有许多不同抗原可供选择，也有许多不同。

So it has implications for everything from cancer, to vaccination, to adjuvants, and to protecting us against infections.

因此，它对癌症、疫苗接种、以及保护我们免受感染等方方面面都有影响。

Once built, they attached the new hapten molecules to carrier proteins, mixed them with adjuvant, injected the results into mice and waited.

一旦构建完成，他们把这些新半抗原分子结合到载体蛋白上，并与药混合，注射进小鼠体内，等待结果。

Interestingly, these adjuvants have different effects depending on the age or other demographic factors of the individual.

有趣是，这些会根据个人年龄或其他人口统计因素产生不同效果。

Finally, there is a chemical cocktail called an adjuvant that helps get the immune system to pay attention to the carrier protein and the haptens.

最后，有一种叫做药鸡尾酒帮助免疫系统对载体蛋白和半抗原做出反应。

Instead of mixing adjuvants into the spray tank, these are put into a second container and injected into the nozzle as the droplets are formed.

不是将混合到喷雾罐中，而是将其放入第二个容器中，并在形成液滴时注入这种喷嘴中。

The agricultural industry has already made some progress in reducing overspray. A variety of different additives, called adjuvants, can be mixed into the chemical tank of a sprayer.

农业行业在减少过度喷洒方面已经取得了一些进展。各种不同添加（）可以混合到喷雾器化学罐中。

So we're trying to make vaccines where we add adjuvants that actually make the vaccine create better immunity than the disease, so that we can confer immunity for many years.

所以我们正在尝试制造疫苗，我们添加实际上使疫苗产生比疾病更好免疫力，这样我们就可以提供多年免疫力。

These adjuvants do not contain any active spray ingredients but consist of other chemicals, such as surfactants, emulsifiers and oils, which can improve the ability of a spray to remain on and penetrate leaves.

这些不含任何活性喷雾成分，但由其他化学物质组成，例如表面活性、乳化和油，可以提高喷雾保留在叶子上和渗透叶子能力。

Vaccines that include the use of adjuvants, or components that enhance the immune response to the antigen, must be given in a muscle to avoid widespread irritation and inflammation. Adjuvants act in a variety of ways to stimulate a stronger immune response.

包括使用或增强对抗原免疫反应成分疫苗必须在肌肉中给予以避免广泛刺激和炎症。以多种方式发挥作用，以刺激更强免疫反应。