Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine.

你的肾上腺会释放压力荷尔蒙皮质醇，肾上腺素，以及去甲肾上腺素。

Your thyroid and adrenal glands release a flood of hormones that boost your metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure.

甲状腺和肾上腺会分泌大量激素，加速你的新陈代谢、心率和血压。

It's likely that anxiety and depression and even greater issues like fibromyalgia, adrenal issues, PTSD and agoraphobia start to develop.

很可能会出现焦虑、抑更严重的问题，比如纤维肌痛、肾上腺问题、创伤后应激障碍和陌生环境恐怖症。

The patient needs a tumor removed from her adrenal gland.

这个病人需在肾上腺做一个肿瘤切除手术。

The main endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and gonads.

主的内分泌腺为垂体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺、胰腺和性腺。

Hyperaldosteronism can also be due to secondary causes where the pathology lies outside of the adrenal gland.

醛固症也可以是继发性的，即病变位于肾上腺以外。

The adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney.

4。肾上腺位于每个肾脏的顶部。

In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

在肾上腺腺瘤和肾上腺癌中，肾上腺皮质里束状带的细胞开始异常分裂并分泌过皮质醇。

The cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland.

皮质即肾上腺的外层。

Children with a tumor in the adrenal medulla can have a large, painful abdominal mass that causes abdominal swelling.

肿瘤长在肾上腺髓质的患儿会出现巨大且疼痛的腹部包块，造成腹部肿胀。

That’s because there’s similarity between ovarian cells and cells of the adrenal cortex.

这是因为卵巢细胞与肾上腺皮质细胞有相似点。

The sympathetic neurons releases norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, and the cells of the adrenal medulla release norepinephrine and epinephrine, also called adrenaline.

交感神经元释放去甲肾上腺素，而肾上腺髓质细胞释放去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素。

Hyperaldosteronism can happen due to primary causes which is where the adrenal gland itself is responsible for the excess production of aldosterone.

醛固症可以是原发性的，即肾上腺本身产生了过量的醛固。

" But when we removed the adrenal glands from the mice so they cannot produce cortisol-like hormones, their hair still turned gray under stress."

“但当我们移除老鼠的肾上腺，使其不能产生皮质醇类激素时，它们的毛发在压力下仍然会变白。”

It can also lead to low adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and subsequent adrenal gland insufficiency caused by a decrease in sodium and blood glucose levels.

它还会导致促肾上腺皮质激素水平降低，出现钠离子和血糖水平下降，继发肾上腺功能不全。

If autoimmune causes are suspected, testing for steroid cell antibodies, or StCAs, which react to adrenal cortex cells can be done.

如果怀疑是自身免疫原因，可以检测类固醇细胞抗体（StCAs），其对肾上腺皮质细胞有反应。

ACTH, then, travels to the pair of adrenal glands, on top of each kidney, where it specifically targets cells in the adrenal cortex.

ACTH之后被运输到位于两个肾上方的肾上腺，在此专门针对肾上腺皮质细胞。

It's important to avoid sudden steroid withdrawal, though, because that can cause an adrenal crisis which is life threatening.

不过，重的是避免类固醇骤然撤除，因为这会造成致命的肾上腺危象。

In the lumbar region, neural crest cells differentiate into the cells of the adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland that sits atop the kidneys.

在腰椎节段，神经嵴细胞分化成肾上腺髓质细胞，位于肾脏上方的肾上腺内部。

Since that's the widest part of the adrenal cortex, it can have a measurable effect on the overall size of the adrenal gland.

因为此处是肾上腺最宽的部分，这会对肾上腺在大小上造成可观的影响。