The diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is mainly done by measuring levels of renin and aldosterone.

醛固酮增多症的诊断主要通过测定肾与醛固酮的水平来完成。

So in this case aldosterone levels are high and renin levels are low in.

因，种情况下，醛固酮水平较高，肾水平较低。

Now, an important hormone that helps regulate potassium reabsorption or secretion in the kidneys is aldosterone.

所以，肾脏中有一种重要的激可以帮助调节钾的重吸收和分泌，就是醛固酮。

An important hormone that helps regulate potassium reabsorption or secretion in the kidneys is aldosterone.

肾脏中一种帮助调节钾重吸收或分泌的重要激叫醛固酮。

Secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism are usually due to excess aldosterone production in response to high levels of renin.

醛固酮增多症的继发性原因通常是由于高水平肾导致醛固酮生成过多。

Aldosterone is part of a hormone family or axis which work together and are called the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

醛固酮属于一特定激家族或激轴的一部分，些激共同作用，被称为肾-张-醛固酮系统。

Another example is a tumor that produces excess aldosterone, which just like renin, leads to fluid retention.

另一个例子是肿瘤的生长也会产生过多的醛固酮，一种类似于肾的物质，会导致液体的积存。

Treatment of hyperaldosteronism is usually with potassium-sparing diuretics, especially spironolactone, which competitively binds to aldosterone receptors on the principal and alpha-intercalated cells.

醛固酮增多症的治疗通常使用保钾利尿剂，尤其是螺内酯：其可竞争性结合主细胞及α-闰细胞上的醛固酮受体。

Less aldosterone floating around in the blood causes the body to start dumping sodium from the blood into the urine.

中醛固酮减少使得尿钠排出增多。

The outermost layer is the zona glomerulosa, and it’s full of cells that make the hormone aldosterone.

最外层是球状带，其充满了产生醛固酮的细胞。

Hyperaldosteronism can happen due to primary causes which is where the adrenal gland itself is responsible for the excess production of aldosterone.

醛固酮增多症可以是原发性的，即肾上腺本身产生了过量的醛固酮。

This taking up more space issue triggers another mechanism in our body that causes the hormone aldosterone to stop being released.

容量的增加触发另一机制造成醛固酮一激停止释放。

Aldosterone increases sodium channels on the lumen side of the principal cell and sodium-potassium pumps on the basolateral side of the principal cells.

它增加主细胞腔面钠离子、钾离子通道和基底面的钠-钾泵的数量。

As the pumps collectively move more sodium into the blood under the influence of aldosterone, more potassium gets pumped into the cell, which raises the intracellular potassium concentration.

醛固酮的作用下，离子泵使得更多的钠离子进入中，更多的钾离子进入细胞中，提升细胞内钾离子浓度。

In primary hyperaldosteronism, the main problem is that zona glomerulosa cells secrete high levels of aldosterone, and that aldosterone has a negative feedback effect on renin, and so it actually inhibits renin production.

原发性醛固酮增多症中，主要问题是球状带细胞分泌高水平的醛固酮；醛固酮对肾有负反馈作用，因而实际上抑制肾生成。

As the pumps collectively move more sodium into the blood under the influence of aldosterone, more potassium gets pumped into the cell - thereby raising the intracellular potassium concentration.

当钠-钾泵醛固酮影响下共同移动更多的钠进入液，更多的钾就被泵入细胞，提高了细胞内钾的浓度。

Along the same lines, drugs that reduce the effect of aldosterone can also cause hyperkalemia, and these are drugs like renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

同理，可以降低醛固酮效能的药物也可以导致高钾症，例如肾抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、张II受体拮抗剂、选择性醛固酮受体阻滞剂以及保钾利尿剂等。

Aldosterone increases the number of sodium channels and the number of potassium channels on the lumen side of the principal cell as well as sodium-potassium pumps on the basolateral side of the principal cells.

醛固酮可以增加主细胞内壁钠通道和钾通道的数量和主细胞外壁钠钾离子泵的数量。

The most common primary cause is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, because the zona glomerulosa has an increase in the number of cells secreting aldosterone, but it’s not really clear why this happens.

是由于球状带分泌醛固酮的细胞数量增加，但目前尚不清楚为什么会发生种情况。

All that being said, in situations where somebody’s unable to produce enough aldosterone, or hypoaldosteronism or adrenal insufficiency, then there’s less potassium secretion by the principal cells, and therefore more potassium is retained, leading to hyperkalemia.

也就是说，当人体产生的醛固酮不够时，即出现醛固酮减少症或肾上腺功能不全时，主细胞分泌的钾离子将会减少，因更多的钾离子留细胞内，导致高钾症。