It also explained why nitroglycerine, the well-known explosive, soothes the heart pain known as angina.

这也解释了为什么硝酸甘油，即人们所熟知的炸药，能够缓解绞痛。

It is given to people with angina, and also to those who have had heart attacks.

欣维宁针对绞痛以及脏病。

Episodes of vasospastic angina don’t correlate with exertion and can happen anytime, including at rest.

冠状动痉挛与劳累无关，可在任何时候发生，包括休息时。

Therefore the classic finding with angina is subendocardial ischemia, meaning less oxygen is reaching the region just under the endocardium.

因此绞痛的典型发现就是内膜下层缺血，即到达内膜下层的氧减少。

Other heart conditions that might lead to stable angina are ones that cause a thickened heart muscle wall, which would require more oxygen.

肥厚的肌要更多氧气。

Unstable angina is usually caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis, meaning a blood clot forms on top of a mound of plaque.

不稳定型绞痛通常由于动粥样硬化伴血栓破裂，即血栓在斑块表面形成。

In the majority of cases, the underlying cause of stable angina is atherosclerosis of one or more the coronary arteries—arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles.

大多数情况下，稳定型绞痛的根本原因是一至多个冠状动（肌的动）发生粥样硬化。

If the blood flow through the coronary arteries is blocked, it can cause pain, and we call that angina.

如果通过冠状动的血流受阻，就会引起疼痛，我们称之为绞痛。

These larger, thicker heart muscles require more oxygen, and if the patients can’t meet increasing demands, they feel pain in the form of angina.

这些肥厚的肌要更多氧气，如果不能够满足肌日益增长的要，便出现绞痛。

On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, both stable and unstable angina show an ST-segment depression since ischemia’s limited to the subendocardium.

电图上，稳定型和非稳定型绞痛都显示ST段降低，因为缺血局限于内膜下层。

Even after it became an accepted treatment for angina, the technical term for chest pain, what exactly nitroglycerine does to the circulatory system remained a mystery for a long time.

即使在它成为绞痛（胸痛的技术术语）的公认治疗方法之后。硝酸甘油究竟对循环系统有什么作用，长期以来一直是个谜。

Rest tends to relieve stable angina, whereas unstable angina and vasospastic angina can occur anytime, including at rest.

休息可缓解稳定型绞痛，而不稳定型绞痛和血管痉挛型绞痛可随时发生，包括休息时。

It’s during these time of exertion or emotional stress that people with stable angina have chest pain, since the blood flow isn’t meeting the metabolic demands of the heart muscle, or myocardium.

稳定型绞痛在劳累或情绪激动时会胸痛发作，因为此时血跟不上肌代谢的要。

Now a third type of angina is vasospastic angina, also known as Prinzmetal angina, and patients may or may not also have atherosclerosis.

第三种绞痛是血管痉挛型绞痛（变异型绞痛），可能有或无动粥样硬化。

Unstable angina, for the same reason as stable angina, involves subendocardial ischemia and it should be treated as an emergency, because patients are at a high risk of progressing to myocardial infarction, or heart attack.

不稳定型绞痛，和稳定型绞痛病因一样，因内膜下层缺血，按急症救治，因为高发肌梗死或脏病。

Unlike both stable and unstable angina, in this case the coronary artery’s constricted so severely that all layers of the heart wall being supplied are affected, therefore it’s referred to as transmural ischemia.

与稳定型、非稳定型不同，这种情况下冠状动极度收缩，壁所有层都受影响，因此，也被称为透壁性缺血。

The key distinction is that unstable angina means that the heart tissue is alive but ischemic or starving for oxygen, whereas myocardial infarction means that the areas of heart tissue have already begun to necrose or die.

两最重要的差别是不稳定型绞痛脏组织是活的，但缺血/缺氧；而肌梗死意味着该区域组织已发生坏死。

Stable angina or chronic angina is the most common type of angina and it usually happens when the patient has greater than or equal to 70% stenosis, meaning 70% of the artery is blocked by plaque buildup.

稳定型绞痛/慢性绞痛是最常见的绞痛类型，通常发生于病人有>=70%狭窄时，即动管腔被形成的斑块阻塞70%。