The compressed part of the brainstem is called the left cerebral peduncle.

这时干受压的部分称为左侧大脚。

After processing this information, the cerebellum sends motor impulses from the brainstem to the skeletal muscles.

在处理完这些后，小将运动冲动从干发送到骨骼肌。

The fourth ventricle is a tent-shaped cavity located between the brainstem and the cerebellum.

第四室是位于干和小之间的帐篷样腔体结构。

Trauma to the brainstem can result in respiratory arrest, in which ventilation stops for a prolonged period of time.

干损伤可导致呼吸停止，在这种情况下，通气会停止很长一段时间。

This is particularly dangerous because the displaced cerebellum can push onto the brainstem affect neurons responsible for breathing and cardiac function.

这种情况尤其危险，因为疝出的小会挤压干，影响负责呼吸和心脏功能的神经元。

We can see that migraine is a neurological disorder affecting multiple parts of the brain — the brainstem, cerebral hemispheres, and the nerves themselves.

我们知道偏头是一种神经疾病，影响了大的多个部分——干、大半球，还有神经本身。

Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain and brainstem are called cranial nerves, and there are a total of 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

其中，由和干发出的周围神经叫做颅神经，一共有12对。

Your motor cortex is jumping all over the place, but your brainstem is blocking those messages, leaving your muscles so relaxed that you're basically paralyzed.

你的运动皮质非常活跃，但干却阻碍这些，你的肌肉放松，你几乎不能动。

If the underlying problem is in the brain or brainstem before the upper motor neurons cross the midline, it’s called an upper motor neuron lesion.

如果潜在病因在于或干，即在上运动神经元穿过干前，叫做上运动神经元损害。

There are also a number of additional structures, including the cerebellum, which is down below, as well as the brainstem which connects to the spinal cord.

还有一些其它的结构，比如小；小在大下方，还有干连接脊髓。

The free edge of the tentorium is in close contact with the brainstem, which is the region that connects the brain and the spinal cord.

小幕的游离缘与干紧密接触；干是连接大和脊髓的区域。

EEG machines monitoring people during these stages, have shown electrical impulses moving between the brainstem, hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, which serve as relay stations of memory formation.

电图监测结果显示在这些阶段，电脉冲在干、海马体、 丘和大皮层间移动，而这些都是记忆形成的中转站。

In this, the innermost part of the temporal lobe, called the uncus, slips down towards the tentorium, and puts pressure on the brainstem.

颞叶钩回，即颞叶最内侧的结构，被向下推向小幕，对干造成压力。

So, let’s say there’s a focal mass effect on the right side of the skull, which increases intracranial pressure and squeezes the uncus down onto the brainstem.

假设在颅骨右侧有一局部占位效应，导致了颅内压升高，且将颞叶钩回推向干。

The 10 out of the 12 cranial nerves originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions.

12条颅神经中有10条起源于干，除个别外，主要控制头部解剖结构的功能。

Meanwhile, signals are sent to the brainstem and thalamus, and when these decide the right moment has come, they allow the external anal sphincter to relax - and feces goes, hopefully, into the toilet bowl.

直肠发出的号同时也发送到了干和丘；当它们认定“时机成熟”时，便会下达指令肛门外括约肌松弛；粪便就能——不出意外的话——顺利排入马桶。

Breathing is regulated unconsciously by center in the brainstem. These centers adjust the rate and rhythm of breathing according to changes in the composition of the blood, especially the concentration of carbon dioxide.

呼吸受到干中心无意识的调节。这些中心根据血液成分的变化，特别是二氧化碳的浓度来调节呼吸的速度和节律。

Because astrocytes are found through the brain and spinal cord, astrocytomas can form throughout those locations, but juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas are mostly infratentorial tumors in the cerebellum or near the brainstem.

因为星形细胞遍布大和脊髓，星形细胞瘤也可以遍布在这些部位，但青少年毛细胞星形细胞瘤大多数是位于小内或干旁的幕下肿瘤。

Now a myelomeningocele is typically associated with a condition called an Arnold Chiari II malformation, which is where cerebellar and brainstem tissue slip down into the foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull.

脊髓脊膜膨出通常与小扁桃体下疝（Arnold–Chiari）畸形Ⅱ型有关，即小和干组织从颅腔底部的枕骨大孔疝出。

Now the uncus isn’t only directly compressing the right side of the brainstem, but indirectly, it’s also pushing the left side of the brainstem against the free edge of the tentorium forming what’s called a Kernohan’s notch.

这时钩回不止会直接压迫干右侧，同样也会间接压迫干的左侧部位，将其推向小幕的游离缘，形成Kernohan切迹。