Filtering is done by hair-like cellular appendages called cilia.

清除由像头一样的称为纤的细胞附属器官完成。

It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean.

它是通过破坏纤来实现的，微小的状结构，其作用是保持气道清洁。

The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.

几周内，的纤在呼吸道和肺中开始恢复，九个月后结束修复， 提高抗感染能力。

In 3-9 months, the damaged cilia in the lungs are almost fully repaired, which are hair-like structures that helps sweep away dust and debris.

3至9个月后 肺部受损的纤几乎完全被修复了，纤是帮助清除肺部灰尘和碎片的类结构。

Around this time, many former smokers notice a decrease in the frequency of lung infections because the healed cilia can do their job more easily.

大约在这个时候，许多戒烟者注意到肺部感染的频率降低了，因为治愈的纤可以更容易地完成它们的工作。

Smoking damages the cilia, making them less able to clear even the normal amount of mucus and secretions, let alone the increased volume associated with pneumonia.

吸烟会对纤造成损伤，使他们难以清除正的粘液和分泌物，更何况是由肺炎引起的超标。

The mucociliary escalator consists of mucus that traps invaders and tiny hairs called cilia that carry the mucus toward the mouth, where it can be coughed out.

粘膜纤自动扶梯由困住入侵者的粘液和一些细小的组成，这些叫做纤，负责把粘液运送至嘴巴，使它们可以被咳出去。

Last year researchers found that hairlike cilia on this special bunch of cells began to beat in unison, pointing toward what will later become the left side.

去年，研究人员现，这一特殊细胞群上的状纤开始协调一致地跳动，指向后来会变成左侧的部分。

As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, people with chronic bronchitis end up relying on coughing to get rid of their mucus plugs.

因为有太多痰液集聚，纤的功能也变差，慢支病患者只能靠咳嗽来排除阻塞的痰液。

The alveolar wall has a completely different structure from the bronchioles - there are no cilia or smooth muscle, and instead the wall is lined by thin epithelial cells called pneumocytes.

肺泡壁与支气管壁结构完全不同，没有纤和平滑肌；相反，管壁内有大薄层上皮细胞，称为肺泡细胞。

Some of the only parts of the body whose motions aren't governed by the muscular system are sperm cells, the hair-like cilia in our airways, and certain white blood cells.

而在我们身体的某些部分，动作不是由肌肉系统控制的，它们包括精细胞，我们气道里的丝状纤维，还有某些白细胞。

To make matters worse, though, smoking makes the cilia short and less mobile, making it harder to move mucus up and out of bronchioles towards the back of the throat to get swallowed.

更糟糕的是，吸烟使纤变短，移动幅度更小，使之更难将黏液排送出细支气管，未能抵达咽部被吞咽。

To start, the bacteria will have to get breathed in, slip by your nose hairs, past the cilia in the airways, and will then have to penetrate past the epithelium layer of the lungs.

首先，细菌得被吸入从鼻滑过，经过呼吸道的纤，然后得穿过肺的上皮细胞层。

Normally the cilia, these hair-like projections lining the airways, do a pretty good job of keeping the them clean by moving mucus, which catches things like debris and bacteria, toward the pharynx, called mucociliary action.

一般情况下，纤像一样排列在气道内，在排送黏液、保持气道清洁方面有很大的作用，它们将捕获了污垢和细菌的黏液向咽部排送，这就是粘液纤作用。