The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱基编码为密码子。所以 GGT 是甘氨酸的“密码子”。

Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

一个氨基酸的 mRNA 编码上的三个碱基密码子。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令中所写的单词为密码子，单词中的一个个字为碱基。

The genetic code is a rulebook that defines which codon encodes which amino acid.

遗传密码是一本规则手册，了哪个密码子编码哪个氨基酸。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联密码子 TCG 编码氨基酸丝氨酸。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，氨基酸丝氨酸由六个不同的三联体密码子编码。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

编码相同氨基酸的三联体密码子为同密码子。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数氨基酸由不止一个三联体密码子编码。

And the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

DNA 中三联体密码子的顺序编码了蛋白质中氨基酸组成部分的顺序。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，生命是否需要六个不同的密码子，们都编码氨基酸丝氨酸？

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系的成分，即特的转运 RNA，们通常会读取我们从基因组中移除的密码子。

And it's the translational machinery of cells that reads the triplet codons and builds the corresponding sequence of amino acids.

是细胞的翻译机器读取三联体密码子并构建相应的氨基酸序列。

The specific sequence of these bases into groups of three, known as codons, gives our cells instructions to make each of the proteins in our bodies.

这些碱基的特序列分为三个一组， 为密码子，为我们的细胞提供指令以制造我们体内的每一种蛋白质。

Recall that the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

回想一下，DNA 中三联体密码子的顺序编码了蛋白质中氨基酸构建块的顺序。

We asked whether life needs multiple synonymous codons to encode a single amino acid.

我们询问生命是否需要多个同密码子来编码单个氨基酸。

By translating the 1's and 0's of binary code into DNA codons, digital data could be programmed into synthetic DNA, then decoded back into its original form.

通过将二进制代码的 1 和 0 翻译成 DNA 密码子，数字数据可以编程为合成 DNA，然后解码回其原始形式。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里的关键点是我们已经创建了一个不再读取近乎通用的遗传密码中的所有密码子的细胞。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体密码子的顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成的聚合物中编程的化学构件的顺序。

DNA is composed of four bases: A, T, G and C. And triplets of these bases, known as codons, encode each of the amino acid building blocks in proteins.

DNA由四个碱基组成：A、T、G和C。这些碱基的三联体，为密码子，编码蛋白质中的每个氨基酸组成部分。

But viruses are unable to make copies of themselves in our new organism because our new organism doesn't have the machinery to read all the codons in the DNA of the virus.

但是病毒无法在我们的新生物体中复制自己，因为我们的新生物体没有读取病毒 DNA 中所有密码子的机制。