And that lets cosmologists look back to the very dawn of the universe.

让宇宙学家回顾了宇宙的黎明时期。

Figuring out what dark energy is, is probably the number one goal of cosmologists today.

搞清量是什么是宇宙学家现在排在首位的目标。

Hawking was also a cosmologist, a mathematician and an author.

霍金也是一位宇宙学家、数学家和作家。

That said, cosmologists are pushing the limits of mathematical models to speculate on what, if anything, exists beyond our spacetime.

然而，宇宙学家还在 将数学模型的极限向外推，来推断在我们的空间时间之外 有什麽存在（果有的话）。

Supernovae provided the explanation, and it was an English cosmologist almost as singular in manner as Fritz Zwicky who figured it out.

超新星提供了解释。这个解释是一位几乎像弗里茨? 兹威基一样行为古怪的英国宇宙学家作出的。

To be clear, this concept is important to cosmologists, but it can be weird and confusing to someone who is just learning about all this.

需要明的是，这个概念对宇宙学家来很重要，但对于刚开始学习这些的人来，很奇怪，很令人感到困惑。

The big issue, even for cosmologists today, is whether or not that primordial state contained some of the information needed for the appearance and development of the cosmos.

即使对今天的宇宙学家来，这也是个大问题：原始形态是否包含对宇宙的外观和发展所需的一些信息。

Cosmologists have done the equivalent of measuring our Universe's triangles by looking at a picture of the early Universe, and studying the spatial relationship between different points on that picture.

宇宙学家进行了类似的实验，通过观察早期宇宙的图像，研究图中不同点之间的空间关系来测量我们宇宙的三角形。

The second way to measure curvature is to measure the thing that causes space to curve in the first place: the density of energy and matter throughout the Universe. Which cosmologists have also measured.

宇宙中物质和量的密度。宇宙学家也对此进行了测量。

Most cosmologists agree that the universe began with a gigantic explosion known as the Big Bang, but some believe that this event will inevitably lead to the end of the universe itself, known as the Big Rip.

多数宇宙学家确信宇宙起源于一场称作宇宙大爆炸的巨大的爆炸，但是某些宇宙学家也相信，宇宙大爆炸会不避免地通往宇宙的终结，这被称为大撕裂。

The third option is that gravity is just right critical density is the cosmologists' term for it and that it will hold the universe together at just the right dimensions to allow things to go on indefinitely.

第三种是，引力恰其分就是宇宙学所谓的临界密度把宇宙控制在一个恰当的范围，使事物永远继续下去。

Interestingly, the man who found the answer to that question was a cosmologist who heartily despised the Big Bang as a theory and coined the term Big Bang sarcastically, as a way of mocking it.

有意思的是，找到这个问题答案的人却是一位压根儿瞧不起大爆炸理论的宇宙学家，他还创造了大爆炸这个词来加以讽刺挖苦。