The endometrium evolved to make implantation difficult

子不断演化 使得着床变得困难。

The endometrium evolved to make implantation difficult so that only the healthy embryos could survive.

子经过演化， 使得着床难以进行因此，只有健康的胚胎能够生存。

If fertilization doesn’t occur, the spiral arteries collapse, and the superficial layers of the endometrium die.

如果卵子没有受精，螺旋动脉将收缩，子的表因此凋亡。

The embryo engages in a complex, exquisitely timed hormonal dialogue that transforms the endometrium to allow implantation.

胚胎向子传递 复杂而精细的激素信，使子允许它着床。

So having high levels of estrogen will cause the endometrium undergoes hyperplasia, leading to increased risk of developing type 1 endometrial carcinoma.

因此，高水平的雌激素导致子增生，从而增加I型子癌的风险。

One hypothesis is that the placenta implants lower down when the endometrium in the upper uterus is not well vascularized.

一个假说认为胎盘附着于子底部的原因是顶部的子没有得到良好的血供。

Progesterone makes the endometrium go through the secretory phase, during which it thickens some more, and spiral arteries continue to grow.

孕激素促使子进入分泌期，在此期间，增厚、螺旋动脉持续生长。

Because they’re functionally the same as the endometrium inside the uterus, endometriomas respond to hormones just like the uterus would.

由于它们具有和正常子一样的功能，子异位症囊肿和子一样，对激素有应答。

Additionally, spiral arteries emerge to nourish the growing functional endometrium.

此外，螺旋动脉出现以供养生长中的子功能。

It’s followed by the proliferative phase, during which the rising levels of ovarian estrogen make the functional layer of the endometrium thicken and sprout endometrial glands.

之后是增殖期，伴随卵巢分泌雌激素的上升，子功能增厚，子腺体生长。

Next are endometrioid tumors which come from endometrium-like cells which is ectopic, meaning they’re out of place, because those sorts of cells are usually found in the endometrium.

接下来是子样肿瘤，来自出现异位的子样的细胞，意思是它们并没有待在原位，因为那类细胞经常在子上被找到。

The endometrium is itself made up of a single layer of simple columnar epithelium, which has ciliated and secretory cells, that sit on top of connective tissue, or stroma.

子由单柱状上皮构成；单柱状上皮有纤毛细胞及分泌细胞，位于结缔组织即基质顶部。

During puberty, the monthly menstrual and ovarian cycles begin, which is when the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus, goes through cyclic changes in response to the ovarian hormones.

在青春期，月经和卵巢周期开始出现，此时子（或子衬）对卵巢激素作出反应，发生周期性变化。

Amenorrhea can occur because there is so much scar tissue that there’s no functional endometrium left, or because the presence of scar tissue makes the endometrium refractory to hormonal stimulation.

当太多疤痕组织的存在造成子功能所剩无几，或是疤痕组织影响了对激素的敏感性时，都引发闭经。

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in case fertilization occurs, during the luteal phase, spiral arteries emerge to bring more nutrients to support the thick endometrium.

在月经周期中的卵泡期，子变厚，有助于受精；黄体期，螺旋动脉产生可以为增厚的子提供更多养分。