Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

表徵遗传变化是正常发育的一部分。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源基因的沉默是一种表观遗传学过程。

Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能表徵遗传变化。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但是即使表观基因变异是令人不满的，它们不是永久的。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓的表现遗传变化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和子细胞形时， 大多数表徵遗传的标记会被去除。

Epigenetics is the study of how your environment can chemically modify your genes.

表遗传学是一门研究环境如何通过化学的方式改变基因的学科。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些基因的后天改变是由运的是至关重要的，以及哪些是偶发的，这些都需要时间。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科学和表观遗传学 长达15年的合作也表明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他神的训练时， 你的大脑会发生改变。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些表观遗传学标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致的表观遗传变异会被传递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因的表观沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变的情况下，抑制基因的表达。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

一段时间后，通过表观遗传学的重新运作，一些细胞长为心脏细胞，其他的为肝脏细胞。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数的表观遗传学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好的事情。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但是，相信事物是发展变化的人们会很高兴，因为表现遗传学并不是上天注定，难以改变的。

Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪些基因是活跃的，这是能够通过修改DNA的化学分（表观遗传学标志物）而改变的。

Meanwhile, new genome editing techniques are making it much easier to identify which epigenetic changes really matter for health and disease.

与此同时，新表观基因组编辑的技术正在将它变得更简单来区分哪些表观基因变异对于健康和疾病有重要意义。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为是表观遗传变异，就是说它们在不直接更改基因代码的前提下，影响了哪些基因被表现出来。

So what I mean by that is the epigenetics are changes, so these are chemical modifications to the DNA without changing the sequence.

所以我的意思是，表观遗传学是变化，所以这些是对 DNA 的化学，不改变序列。

In the word “epigenetic”, “epi” means outside of, and “genetic” refers to the DNA sequence of A’s, C’s, G’s, and T’s.

（表观遗传）这个词中，“epi”表示在...外面，“genetic”表示A、T、C、G组的DNA序列。