Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

徵遗传变化正常发育的一部分。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科学和遗传学 长达15年的合作也明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他精神的训练时， 你的大脑会发生改变。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源的沉默一种遗传学过程。

Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成徵遗传变化。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但变异令人不满的，它们不永久的。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓的现遗传变化信号会肌肉更强壮。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数徵遗传的标记会被去除。

Epigenetics is the study of how your environment can chemically modify your genes.

遗传学一门研究环境如何通过化学的方式改变的学科。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些的后天改变由运动造成的至关重要的，以及哪些偶发的，这些都需要时间。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但，相信事物发展变化的人们会很高兴，为现遗传学并不上天注定，难以改变的。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些遗传学标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致的遗传变异会被传递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

的沉默指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变的情况下，抑制的达。

So what I mean by that is the epigenetics are changes, so these are chemical modifications to the DNA without changing the sequence.

所以我的意思，遗传学变化，所以这些对 DNA 的化学，不改变序列。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

一段时间后，通过遗传学的重新运作，一些细胞成长为心脏细胞，其他的成为肝脏细胞。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数的遗传学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好的事情。

Yes, I'm aware of these, these are actually what my lab focuses on day in and day out, we studied the epigenetics of aging.

的，我知道，这些实际上我的实验室日复一日关注的内容，我们研究衰老的遗传学。

Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪些活跃的，这能够通过修改DNA的化学成分（遗传学标志物）而改变的。

Meanwhile, new genome editing techniques are making it much easier to identify which epigenetic changes really matter for health and disease.

与此同时，新组编辑的技术正在将它变得更简单来区分哪些变异对于健康和疾病有重要意义。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为遗传变异，就说它们在不直接更改代码的前提下，影响了哪些被现出来。