1.Describe the excretory system of the genus Nereis briefly.

1.简述沙排泄系统。

2.The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

2.肾脏是人体主要排泄官，它发育经过原肾、中肾、肾3个阶段。

3.Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine.

3.肾脏是氟主要排泄官，当机体摄入过量氟超过肾排泄能力时，肾组织细胞就会因处于高氟环境而受到损害。

4.Perioperative serum creatinine, electrolytes, blood gas, and a follow-up excretory urogram, cystogram, and pathological examination were used to assess the surgical outcome.

4.手术前清肌酸酐、电解质、动脉气体分析以及追踪时取得肾盂摄影、膀胱摄影、病理检查来评估手术结果。