Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, spina bifida.

唐氏综合症，囊胞性纤维症，脊柱裂。

Sarah Murnaghan was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis when she was a baby.

在莎拉·穆娜汉还是个婴儿的时候被诊断出患有囊性纤维化。

Also, fibrosis starts to develop, and the limbs harden and increase in size.

此外，在第二期，纤维化开始发展，肢体增粗变硬、体积增大。

They also increase collagen synthesis and fibrosis around the eyes.

它们也会增加眼形成和纤维化。

Instead, one idea is to use this technique to help cystic fibrosis patients.

相反，其中一种想法是，利用这项技术帮助囊性纤维病患者。

Fibrosis of lactiferous ducts and suspensory ligament causes retraction, or pulling in of the nipples.

这是由于输乳管和悬韧带纤维化导致皮肤受到牵拉。

Sarah Murnaghan needed the transplant because her own lung has been destroyed by cystic fibrosis.

萨拉·默纳汉因患囊性肺纤维而需要接受移植手术。

And that's usually a sign of a really serious problem, like pancreatic cancer or cystic fibrosis.

那通常是是重大疾病的一个标志，例如胰腺癌或者囊胞性纤维症。

I did two years genetics research in cystic fibrosis. I've pretty much seen it all, Dr. Grey.

我年的遗传学胆囊纤维症研究。我知道的很清楚，Grey 医生。

Fibrosis causes hardening of the affected area, which is commonly in the limbs.

纤维化会导致患处变硬，而病变通常位于四肢。

Importantly, cystic fibrosis is the main cause of chronic pancreatitis in children.

有一点很重要，即囊性纤维化是儿童慢性胰腺炎的主要病因。

Treatment depends on how severe the edema is, and how far along the fibrosis is in the affected limb.

淋巴水肿的治疗取决于水肿的严重程度以及患肢的纤维化程度。

First, the tumor causes local inflammation, which causes damage to the suspensory ligaments and lactiferous ducts, resulting in their fibrosis.

首先，肿瘤可能导致局部炎症，会导致悬韧带和输乳管受损，继而纤维化。

Finally, during stage three, lymphostatic elephantiasis, swelling becomes irreversible, and the affected limbs are really large and hardened from fibrosis.

最终，在第三期，即象皮病阶段，肿胀不可逆，患侧肢体由于纤维化而明显增大，皮肤非常坚硬甚至并发其他病变。

Chronic vesicoureteral reflux can cause pyelonephritis, or inflammation of the kidney, and renal scarring, or fibrosis which damages the kidney tissue.

慢性膀胱输尿管反流可能导致肾盂肾炎，即肾脏出现炎症反应，以及瘢痕肾，即肾组织因纤维化而受损。

Our first season is about a pathologist named Dorothy Andersen, the first person to identify cystic fibrosis in a patient in the 1930s.

我们第一级介绍的是病理学家 Dorothy Andersen，她在上世纪30年代首次在患者中发现囊细胞纤维化。

But when proteins fold in the wrong way that can lead to everything from allergies to cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs disease.

但是，当蛋白质以错误的方式折叠时，会导致从过敏到囊性纤维化和泰-萨克斯病等各种疾病。

The tissue that's encapsulated by the granuloma undergoes fibrosis and often calcification, producing scar tissue that can be seen on x-ray

被肉芽肿包裹的组织会纤维化且会钙化，形成瘢痕组织，这种钙化组织可以在X光片上看到。

Instead of injecting themselves, people with conditions like cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis might be able to inhale the drugs instead.

有囊状纤维症、糖尿病以及多发性硬化症等病状的患者，可以不再为自己注射药剂，而改用吸入药物的方式。

Breath from Salt by Bijal Trivedi. It's about cystic fibrosis which is a disease that affects over 10,000 kids in the U.S.

《盐的呼吸》作者碧·翠瓦狄，这是本关于囊性纤维化疾病的书，这种疾病影响美国超过1万名儿童。