In today's program, we will explore fricatives.

在今天的节目里，我们要探索擦音。

Fricative are often a source of confusion for English learners.

擦音让很多英语学习者感困惑。

These are all fricatives, the sounds are coming out slowly and you hear this friction sound.

这些都是擦音，声音出会擦声。

To be clear, fricatives mean there is a partial obstruction in the air stream.

清楚说，擦音指的是气流有一部分被阻滞。

Affricates are made up of a stop sound followed by a fricative sound.

破擦音由一个爆破音和后面的擦音组成。

And finally, the vociceless fricative or be quiet sound, shhhhhh, present in words such as shower and push.

最后是清擦音或“安静”音，出现在诸如 shower 和 push 等词中。

Another way to think of this is stop sound plus fricative sound equals affricate.

另一个思考的方法是爆破音加上擦音等于破擦音。

Sss, zzz are fricatives. Thh, vvv are Fricatives too.

Sss, zzz 是擦音。 Thh, vvv 也是擦音。

So fff, and vvv are fricatives.

所以 fff 和 vvv 是擦音。

The English alveolar approximant, the Spanish trill, the French uvular fricative?

英国的齿槽音、西班牙的颤音、法国的小舌擦音？

In some cases, voiceless fricatives began to be pronounced like an " f" (e.g. laugh, cough).

在某些情况下，清擦音开始像“f”一样音（例如笑、咳嗽）。