These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单糖的种类有葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖。

Fructose is handled a bit differently by the liver.

果糖的转化方式有些许不同。

Like all sugars, glucose and fructose are sticky — they attract water.

跟所有的糖一样，葡萄糖和果糖都是粘稠的——它们亲水。

In other words, the bacteria are not using fructose and sucrose as food.

换句话说，这些细菌不会将果糖和蔗糖物。

The two main types of sugar in honey are glucose and fructose.

葡萄糖和果糖。

At the same time, they begin to metabolize fructose, like a plant.

同时，他们开始化果糖，就像植物一样。

Fructose is a sugar that can be used to make energy without burning oxygen.

果糖是一种不需要气，但也能产生能量的一种糖。

The use of high fructose corn syrup may be a contributor to diabetes and obesity.

使用高果糖浆也可能 会造成糖尿病和肥胖。

Ultraprocessed, refers to food that have emulsifiers, high fructose corn syrup, flavoring agents and hydrogenated oils.

指的是含有乳化剂、高果糖浆、调味剂和氢化脂肪。

Another monosaccharide is fructose which is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

另有一种单糖称为果糖，通常存在于蜂蜜、水果和根类蔬菜里。

Undoubtedly, the problem with sodas is its sugar content, commonly in the form of high fructose corn syrup.

毫无疑问，苏打汽水的问题是其添加的糖分，这些糖分通常是来自果葡糖浆。

Could we replicate the naked mole rat's use of the fructose pathway for human health?

我们能复制裸鼹鼠使用果糖的方法，使得人类的健康也能从中受益吗？

But the mole rats can switch to a different sugar called fructose which can be burned without any oxygen.

但是鼹鼠可以转换成另一种叫做果糖的糖，这种糖可以在没有气的情况下燃烧。

Sucrose contains a glucose molecule bound to a fructose molecule.

蔗糖由一分子葡萄糖结合一分子果糖形成。

Sucrose, or table sugar, is another disaccharide and it’s formed when fructose links up with glucose.

蔗糖是另一种双糖，又称白砂糖，它是由一分子果糖和一分子葡萄糖结合而成。

Human brain and heart cells have some cellular machinery to use fructose, but not nearly as much as naked mole rats.

人的大脑和心细胞有着一些果糖的细胞机制，但是跟裸鼹鼠就差得很远了。

Usually, mammals metabolize a different sugar called glucose that makes more energy than fructose, but glucose only works when oxygen's available.

通常，哺乳动物使用另一种名叫葡萄糖的糖来产生能量，而不是果糖。但是葡萄糖只有在气存在的情况下能够转化成能量。

But now what our work actually shows is that both fructose and sucrose do make it to the colon where the microbiota exist.

“但现在我们的研究实际上表明，果糖和蔗糖确实会进入结肠，而那里存在微生物群。

Fructose has 6 carbons, and most of it is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules and sent into glycolysis to help generate energy.

果糖有6个碳原子，大部分果糖分子都被分解成3个碳原子的小分子，并进入糖酵解途径，为机体提供能量。

Finally, sucrose has an alpha 1-2-glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of glucose and carbon 2 of fructose are bonded.

最后，蔗糖中的糖苷键是α-1,2糖苷键，即葡萄糖分子的1号碳与果糖分子的2号碳相连。