These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单的种类有葡萄、果和半。

There are oligosaccharides like galacto-oligosaccharides which are short chains of galactose molecules like those found in soybeans.

低聚半就种寡，在大豆较高，由数个半分子结合形成的短链分子。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有种单叫半，常与相提并论。

Just like that galactose has become just one more glucose molecule in the liver.

半通过这种方式变成了可供肝脏利用的葡萄。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

种染料，这意味着它由两个简单的块组成，葡萄和半。

It’s called galactose oligosaccharide, also known as the Gal antigen.

它被称为低聚半，也称为Gal抗原。

A molecular mass of 180 could be either the glucose, galactose or fructose.

分子为 180 的可能葡萄、半或果。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

其有丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基，o链基化的，这意味着它们的氧上有个分子，半居多。

Now, metabolism of galactose has an initial step where an enzyme in the liver converts galactose into glucose - basically flipping the orientation of the OH group on the 4th carbon.

半代谢的第步在肝脏，通过酶的作用，将半转化为葡萄，其实就把半的4号碳上的-OH键调个方向。

Lactose on the other hand has a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of galactose and carbon 4 of glucose are bonded, but this time the molecules are stacked with one higher than the other.

的苷键为β-1，4苷键，即半分子的1号碳与葡萄分子的4号碳以苷键相连，β代表了两个分子上下交叠，高低。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜有50%的果、44%的葡萄、4%的半与2%的麦芽；而枫浆，果的不到1%，葡萄仅占3%，其余的96%都蔗。