GN is often caused by antigen-antibody complexes depositing in the glomerular tissue.

肾小球肾炎通常是由于抗原-抗体复合物沉积在肾小球组织。

The rate at which this filtration takes place is known as glomerular filtration rate or GFR.

滤过的速率称为肾小球滤过率，或GFR。

In chronic kidney disease, the falling glomerular filtration rate leads to more and more renin secretion which leads to hypertension.

慢性肾病中，GFR降低，导致更多肾素分泌，进而引发高血压。

Finally the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease comes down to looking at changes in the glomerular filtration rate over time.

慢性肾病的诊断归根结底是基于肾小球滤过率随时间推移的变化。

These nutrients have carrier molecules that claim the glomerular molecule and release it back into the circulatory system.

这些营养物质的载体分子控制着肾小球分子，释放回循系统。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这种再吸收过程使水从肾小球滤液进入循系统。

One way these complexes can form is as a result of autoantibodies directly targeting the glomerular basement membrane.

这些复合物形成的途径之一是自身抗体直接攻击肾小球基膜。

For example, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, which are particularly susceptible, can cause glomerular damage leading to oliguria - very little urine - and proteinuria.

例如，血供不足最易先累及肾脏，可造成肾小球损伤，导致少尿和蛋白尿。

Also, other conditions like kidney hyperperfusion or increased perfusion of blood, as well as increased pressure in the glomerular capillaries have been linked to FSGS as well.

除此之，肾高灌注或肾血流量增加等疾病以及肾毛细血管球内压力增高也与FSGS有关。

So when there is glomerular injury, red blood cells sneak into the urine —causing hematuria, which contributes to this being a type of nephritic syndrome.

因此当肾小球损伤时，红细胞溜进尿液，导致血尿，也是肾炎综合征的一个症状。

The immune complexes specifically deposit in the mesangium which is the tissue in the Bowman's capsule that offers structural support to the glomerular capillaries.

这些免疫复合物常常沉积在肾小球系膜；肾小球系膜是Bowman囊的一部分，为肾小球血管球提供结构支持。

In the 2015 study, the researchers did measure certain protein-related health variables, such as glomerular filtration rate and creatinine, and found no changes when eating the high protein diet.

在2015年的一项研究中，研究人员确实测量了某些与蛋白质相关的健康变量，比如肾小球滤过率和肌酐，发现高蛋白饮食没有带来改变。

In these sorts of infections, IgA1 antibody production gets ramped up, leading to IgG anti-glycan formation, and immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangium, causing inflammation.

在这些感染情况下，IgA1抗体产生增多，导致抗糖基化的抗体IgG形成，免疫复合物便沉积在肾小球系膜，产生炎症反应。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球滤液与尿液的浓度不同，当滤液通过肾小管时，大部分被重新吸收到血液中。

Normally, the glomeruli of the kidneys do a good job of preventing protein from spilling into the urine, so proteinuria can be a sign of glomerular damage and is a classic sign of preeclampsia.

正常情况下，肾小球可有效防止蛋白质进入尿液，所以蛋白尿是肾小球受损的标志，也是子痫前期的典型体征。

Now, acute kidney injury can cause a low glomerular filtration rate, which is the volume of blood filtered through the kidney over a period of time, and this can lead to oliguria and hyperkalemia.

严重的肾损伤可以降低肾小球滤过率，即单位时间内肾脏过滤的血液量，这可以导致少尿和高钾血症。

Each nephron also has a really unique region called the juxtaglomerular complex which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the glomerular filtration rate —or the amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli each minute.

每个肾单位有一个独特的区域，称为球旁复合体；球旁复合体与血压的调控和肾小球滤过率（每分钟流经肾小球的血量）有关。

When the abnormal IgA1-IgG immune complexes deposit in the mesangium, the alternative complement pathway is activated, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of macrophages into the kidney, all of which contributes to glomerular injury.

当异常的IgA1-IgG免疫复合物沉积在系膜上时，补体旁路途径被激活，导致促炎因子的释放，同时促进巨噬细胞向肾迁移，以上所有反应会导致肾小球的损伤。