Large lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of cauda equina syndrome.

严重的腰突出症是马尾综合征最常见的病因。

A bit of a long shot. What about a disk herniation?

太扯了。会不会是突出？

Brain herniation typically happens in response to increased intracranial pressure, which refers to a high pressure within the skull.

脑疝通常发生在颅内压升高时，即颅骨内的压力升高时。

There are two types: upward herniation and tonsillar herniation.

小脑幕切迹上疝、小脑扁桃体疝。

Depending on the size and location of the mass effect, there’s a possibility of brain herniations.

占位效应的大小和类型决定了脑疝发生的可能性。

ORAL STEROID MEDICATIONS Oral steroid medications can be very helpful in episodes of an acute disc herniation.

口服类固醇药物在治疗急性突出过程中，口服类固醇药物非常有效。

Lumbar puncture is classified as a relative contraindication in individuals with suspected increased intracranial pressure due to possible herniations.

腰穿刺，对于疑似因脑疝引起颅内压增高的患者，是一种相对禁忌症。

In this herniation the brain squeezes out of the skull through a fracture or surgical site during an operation.

在这种脑疝中，脑部组织通过颅骨的裂口或手术的开口疝出颅骨外部。

If it was caused by disc herniation, trauma, tumors or abscess, the symptoms appeared suddenly, and surgical decompression should be performed within 48 hours.

是由突出、外伤、肿瘤或脓肿引起，症状会突然出现；这种情况应于48小时内行手术减压。

In upward herniation, there’s a displacement of the cerebellum upward, through a notch in the tentorium cerebelli.

在小脑幕切迹上疝中，小脑过小脑幕切迹向上疝出。

This pain could begin suddenly, usually with disc herniation, piriformis syndrome or trauma.

这种疼痛可能是突然发生的，通常伴有突出、梨状肌综合征或外伤。

The most common signs of the tonsillar herniation are headache and neck stiffness.

扁桃体疝最常见的症状是头痛与颈项强直。

Uncal herniation stretches and sometimes breaks branches of the paramedian basilar artery, which nourish the brain stem.

随着颞叶钩回疝进展，可能会损伤靠近中央的基底动脉；它是负责向脑干供血的血管。

Now, the other category of herniations are infratentorial herniations.

那么，现在我们来看幕下脑疝。

This is similar to sciatica, but the herniation is usually larger, and more nerves are compressed, including those that control the bladder and reproductive organs.

这与坐骨神痛相似，但突出通常更大、压迫更多的神，包括那些控制膀胱和生殖器官的神。

The most common cause is lumbar disc herniation.

最常见的病因是腰突出症。

Brain herniation typically results from increased intracranial pressure.

一般来说，脑疝的主要原因是颅内压增高。

And poor posture, traumas, physical activity, and strong rotational movement can cause herniations where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compress the nerves or spinal cord.

不良的姿势、创伤、体力活动和强烈的转体运动，可引起突出，即膨大突出于脊外，压迫神或脊髓。

Poor posture, traumas, physical activity and strong rotation movements can cause herniation, where disc bulges out in one direction.

不良的姿势、创伤、过度体力活动与强烈的旋转运动均可导致突出，即从某一方向突出。

Treatment of increased intracranial pressure and brain herniation is aimed at reducing the pressure within the skull.

颅内压增高和脑疝的治疗主要目的是降低颅内压。