During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA (homologous recombination) .

前期 1，源染色体并交换 DNA（源重组）。

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes is called synapsis.

源染色体过程称为联会。

The other repair mechanism is called homology-directed repair which relies on homologous recombination.

另一种修复机制依赖于源重组，叫作源介导修复。

Zygotene Chromosomes approximately line up with each other into homologous chromosome pairs through synaptonemal complex.

偶线期染色体通过联会复合体大致排列成源染色体。

Pachytene This is the stage when homologous recombination, including chromosomal crossover (crossing over) , occurs.

粗线期这是发生源重组阶段，包括染色体互换。

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions of homology.

源染色体非姐妹染色单体可源区域交换片段。

Anaphase 1 Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.

后期 1动粒微管变短，将由一姐妹染色单体组成源染色体拉向相反两极。

Diplotene The synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes separate from one another a little.

双线期联会复合体解体，源染色体开始分离。

Homologous parts tend to vary in the same manner, and homologous parts tend to cohere.

源部分倾向于相方式变化，而源部分倾向于凝聚。

However, the homologous chromosomes of each bivalent remain tightly bound at chiasmata, the regions where crossing-over occurred.

然而，每个二价体源染色体仍然紧密结合交叉部位，也就是发生交叉区域。

End 1 then pairs up with a complementary strand of the intact homologous DNA region, creating a loop in the homologous DNA.

然后End 1与完整源DNA区域上互补链，源DNA上形成一个环。

Then End 1 releases the homologous DNA and its last few nucleotides bind to the last nucleotides of End 2.

然后，End 1会释放源DNA，其末端核苷酸与End 2末端核苷酸相结合。

Our 46 chromosomes come in 23 pairs of two homologous chromosomes, which code for the same traits and therefore have similar nucleotide sequences.

我们46条染色体由23源染色体组成；源染色体编码相性状，因此具有相似核苷酸序列。

Now, whether this is a homologous, meaning it was only one evolution, or it evolved several times, we don't really know.

现，这是否是源， 意味着它只是一次进化，或者它进化了几次， 我们真不知道。

Metaphase 1 Homologous pairs move together along the metaphase plate: the paired homologous chromosomes align along an equatorial plane that bisects the spindle.

中期 1源染色体沿着中期板一起移动：成源染色体沿着将纺锤体一分为二赤道平面排列。

So now End 1 is placed near a similar nucleotide sequence, called the homologous sequence, because it's found in the same spot on the homologous sister chromatid.

现End 1位于一段相似核苷酸序列附近；这段序列被称为源序列，位于源姐妹染色单体上相位点。

The most common type is Non-Homologous End Joining where a protein complex called DNA protein kinase begins by binding to each end of the broken DNA.

最常见类型是非源末端连接：一个叫做DNA蛋白激酶蛋白质复合体首先会结合到断裂DNA末端。