43. Hybridization is something that's well known in birds.

杂交是知名的现象。

It's the same with network solids. Orbitals and their hybridizations make a huge difference.

网络实体也是如此。 轨道及其杂交产生了巨大的差异。

When the s orbital hybridizes with all 3 p orbitals it's called sp3 hybridization and it forms a tetrahedral shape.

当 s 轨道与所有 3 p 轨道杂化时， 为 sp3 杂化，并形成四面体形状。

Finally, you learned that d orbitals can get involved too, allowing for hybridizations that form even cooler 3-dimensional shapes.

最后，您了解到 d 轨道也可以参与其，从而允许形成更酷的 3 维形状的杂化。

Many modern molecular tests such as flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and gene rearrangements studies fall within the territory of pathology.

许多现代分子检测，如流式细胞术，聚合酶链反应（PCR），原位杂交，免疫组织化学，细胞遗传学和基因重排研究都属于病理学领域。