The diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is mainly done by measuring levels of renin and aldosterone.

增多症的诊断主要定肾素与的水平来完成。

Secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism are usually due to excess aldosterone production in response to high levels of renin.

增多症的继发原因常是由于高水平肾素导致生成多。

Hyperaldosteronism can also be due to secondary causes where the pathology lies outside of the adrenal gland.

增多症也可以是继发的，即病变位于肾上腺以外。

Treatment of hyperaldosteronism is usually with potassium-sparing diuretics, especially spironolactone, which competitively binds to aldosterone receptors on the principal and alpha-intercalated cells.

增多症的治疗常使用保钾利尿剂，尤其是螺内酯：其可竞争结合主细胞及α-闰细胞上的受体。

Hyperaldosteronism leads to hypokalemia, which is low potassium levels in the blood, as well as hypernatremia—high sodium levels in the blood.

增多症会导致低钾血症，即血液中的钾水平降低，以及高钠血症，即血液中的钠水平升高。

Hyperaldosteronism can happen due to primary causes which is where the adrenal gland itself is responsible for the excess production of aldosterone.

增多症可以是原发的，即肾上腺本身产生了量的。

Individuals with hyperaldosteronism typically develop hypertension related symptoms like headaches and facial flushing, as well as hypokalemia related symptoms like constipation, weakness, and potentially changes in their heart rhythm.

增多症患者常会出现高血压相关症状，如头痛和面部潮红，以及低钾血症相关症状，如便秘、乏力与对心律的潜在影响。

In primary hyperaldosteronism, the main problem is that zona glomerulosa cells secrete high levels of aldosterone, and that aldosterone has a negative feedback effect on renin, and so it actually inhibits renin production.

在原发增多症中，主要问题是球状带细胞分泌高水平的；对肾素有负反馈作用，因而实际上抑制肾素生成。

All that being said, in situations where somebody produces too much aldosterone, like primary hyperaldosteronism, then there’s more potassium secretion by the principal cells and excreted, and therefore less potassium is retained, leading to hypokalemia.

说了这么多，在某人产生了太多的情况下，比如原发增多症，更多的钾被主细胞分泌并排泄，这意味着更少的钾被保留，导致了低钾血症。

The most common primary cause is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, because the zona glomerulosa has an increase in the number of cells secreting aldosterone, but it’s not really clear why this happens.

这是由于球状带分泌的细胞数量增加，但目前尚不清楚为什么会发生这种情况。