Cell lysis is yet another cause of hyperkalemia.

细胞溶解也可以导致高钾血症。

A final example of internal potassium balance leading to hyperkalemia is exercise.

最后一个因为内钾平衡破坏导致高钾血症的例子是运动锻炼。

So, in order for there to be too much potassium in the blood, or hyperkalemia, there are two possibilities.

因此，高钾血症，即血液中钾离子过多，可能由两种原因造成。

Usually this shift is small, but if combined with beta-blockers or kidney issues, strenuous exercise can lead to hyperkalemia.

一般情，种变化很细微，但是有β受体阻滞剂作用或肾出现问题时，过度运动就可能导致高钾血症。

Alright, on to external potassium balance shifts resulting in hyperkalemia, which has to do with potassium intake and excretion.

，那外钾平衡变化导致高钾血症，与钾离子吸收和分有关。

Both of these mechanisms lead to increased potassium in the fluid outside of cells which quickly makes it into the blood and causes hyperkalemia.

上述两种机制都会造成细胞外的钾离子增加，而钾离子很快进入血液，造成高钾血症。

So other things start to build up in the blood as well, like potassium, called hyperkalemia, as well as acids, called metabolic acidosis.

比如钾，造成高钾血症；还有酸，引起代谢性酸中毒。

Since so much potassium is kept within the cell, when a large number of cells die or lyse, potassium is released into the blood, which causes hyperkalemia.

因为细胞内过多，很多细胞会死亡或溶解，钾离子释放入血，导致高钾血症。

So in order to help compensate for an acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells and potassium ions leave the cells and enter the blood, which might help with the acidosis, but results in hyperkalemia.

所以为了代偿酸中毒，氢离子被移入细胞内，而钾离子被移出细胞而进入血中，一机制缓解了酸中毒，但却导致了高钾血症。

In chronic kidney disease, just like with urea, less potassium is excreted and more builds up in the blood, and it leads to hyperkalemia, which is worrisome because it can cause cardiac arrhythmias.

在慢性肾病中，和素一样，钾排泄减少，更多的钾在血液中堆积，造成高钾血症，该情十分堪忧，因为高钾血症可能导致心律不齐。

Along the same lines, drugs that reduce the effect of aldosterone can also cause hyperkalemia, and these are drugs like renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

同理，可以降低醛固酮效能的药物也可以导致高钾血症，例如肾素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、选择性醛固酮受体阻滞剂以及保钾利剂等。

People with type I diabetes don’t make enough insulin, so when they eat a meal—especially a meal with a lot of potassium— that potassium sits in the blood instead of being taken into cells, and this causes hyperkalemia.

一型糖病患者胰岛素分不足，所以当他们用餐后，尤其是餐内含钾较多时，钾会聚集在血中而不是被运输进细胞，就造成了高钾血症。

All that being said, in situations where somebody’s unable to produce enough aldosterone, or hypoaldosteronism or adrenal insufficiency, then there’s less potassium secretion by the principal cells, and therefore more potassium is retained, leading to hyperkalemia.

也就是说，当人体产生的醛固酮不够时，即出现醛固酮减少症或肾上腺功能不全时，主细胞分的钾离子将会减少，因此更多的钾离子留在细胞内，导致高钾血症。