This also explains the so-called “hypertrophy range” of 6 to 12 reps you might have heard of.

这也解释了你可能听说过的所谓，6-12次重复的“增肌范围”。

Well that hypertrophy is concentric, which means that the new sarcomeres are generated in parallel with existing ones.

肥大是向心性的，这意味着有新肌节产生，与之前的肌肉平行生长。

When chronic lung disease leads to right-sided hypertrophy and failure, it’s known as cor pulmonale.

当慢性肺病导致右侧心脏肥大和心衰时，被称作肺心病。

So, to build new muscle, a process called hypertrophy, our cells need to be exposed to higher workloads than they are used to.

所以，要长肌肉，要经过一个叫过度增长的过程，我们的细胞需要比它已经适应的 更大的工作强度。

To compensate, the left ventricle actually bulks up, and its muscles hypertrophy, or grow so that the ventricle can contract with more force.

为了代偿，左心室会胀大，它的心肌会过度生长而变得肥大让心室能更大力收缩。

HOWEVER, a new study out of Germany finds that high-intensity exercise puts us at risk for more than just cardiac hypertrophy.

然而，德国一项新研究显示，高强度运动不只将我们暴露在心脏肥大风险中。

Hypertrophy refers to an abnormal increase in the size of each cell, for example, the increase in cell size of cardiac muscle.

肥大是指每个细胞大小的异常增加，例如，心肌细胞大小的增加。

This, just like before, makes it harder for the right side of the heart to pump against and can lead to right-sided hypertrophy and heart failure.

如前述提及，这会让心脏右侧更难向肺部泵入，可能导致右侧心脏肥大和心力衰竭。

The one that will allow us to best understand this is a 2016 meta-analysis coming out of the lab of the well-renowned muscle hypertrophy specialist, Dr. Brad Schoenfeld.

其中最好理解的一个，是2016年的一个变化分析报告，出自著名的布拉德•舍恩菲尔德博士，主攻肌肉肥大。

Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.

一般情况下应少于40%，对于慢支患者来说，由于黏腺的肥大增生，该数值会大于40%。

So in response, the right ventricle can hypertrophy, or get larger, and the left might atrophy, or get smaller, and these massive changes in heart structure can ultimately cause the heart to fail.

所以相应地，右心室会肥大，左心室会萎缩变小，且这些心脏结构的变化会最终导致心脏衰竭。

They do this through beta cell hyperplasia, an increased number of beta cells, and beta cell hypertrophy, where they actually grow in size, all in this attempt to pump out more insulin.

它们通过β细胞增生，即增加β细胞的数量，以及β细胞肥大，即其体积增大，试图泵出更多的胰岛素。

Concentric hypertrophy leading to diastolic failure can also be caused by aortic stenosis, which is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening, as well by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an abnormal ventricular wall thickening often from a genetic cause.

导致舒张性心衰的向心性肥大，也可能由主动脉瓣狭窄（即主动脉瓣开口变窄）造成，也可能由肥厚型心肌病（一种遗传性异常心室壁增厚）引起。

To a mild surprise to the researchers, in terms of hypertrophy, aka muscle growth, although the findings somewhat suggest a level of superiority using a heavier load with fewer reps, lighter loads with higher reps also had a very similar positive effect.

这让研究者稍感意外，就肌肉肥大，也就是肌肉生长而言，这个发现虽然一定程度上表明，较大的训练负荷和较少的重复训练可以达到不错的效果，但较轻的负荷以及较多的重复同样能起到积极作用。