ANA is detected by indirect immunofluorescence.

ANA 通过间接免疫法检测。

But, to be sure the immune-shielding proteins were still there, the team used two special techniques, immunofluorescence and western blotting, to check for their presence.

是，为了确保免疫屏蔽蛋白仍然存在，研究小组使用了两种特殊技术--免疫和蛋白质印迹法--来检查它们是否存在。

It's also too tiny to be seen with a light microscope, so to visualize it, you need a darkfield microscope with use of immunofluorescence is required.

这种细菌也因为型太细而难以在学显微镜下显像，所以为了能够看见钩端螺旋，人们需要使用暗视野显微镜以及染色剂。

Those immune complexes can also be visualized on immunofluorescence, although one important finding that can help differentiate from other immune-complex mediated nephropathies is that these complexes involve IgA.

用免疫电镜也可以看到这些免疫复合，有一点需要注意，有助于和其他免疫复合介导的肾病区分，就是这些免疫复合包含IgA。

And on immunofluorescence, there might be nonspecific focal deposits of IgM and complement proteins, and these get trapped in the areas of hyalinosis, but these isn't always seen.

在免疫电镜下，可能有非特异性病灶IgM和补蛋白沉积；这些沉积局限于玻璃样变区域，不总是出现。

The team deployed an advanced imaging tool called Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging (MxIF), which is used to repeatedly stain tumor samples with antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes.

该团队部署了一种称为多重免疫成像 (MxIF) 的高级成像工具， 该工具用于使用附着在染料上的抗对肿瘤样本进行重复染色。