There are three potential karyotype scenarios associated with Turner syndrome.

与特纳相关的潜在核型有三种。

A karyotype can be done for Turner syndrome and androgen insensitivity syndrome.

于Turner、雄激素不敏感，可进行染色体核型分。

The least common karyotype in Turner syndrome is where there’s only a part of the X chromosome missing.

特纳中最不常见的核型是X染色体只有部分缺失。

Klinefelter syndrome is diagnosed with a karyotype which visualizes each chromosome including the X, Y, and extra X chromosomes.

核型分可观察到患者的每条染色体，包括X、Y与额外的X染色体，可用来确诊Klinefelter。

In this case, the individual is biologically male, which means they have a 46, XY karyotype, but their androgen receptors don’t respond to testosterone.

这种情况下，患者生物学性别为男性，意味着其染色体核型为46, XY，但他们的雄激素受体不酮做出反应。

This can also happen at some point during mitosis, and the result is another mosaic karyotype.

这种情况也可发生在有丝分裂过程中的某个时刻，结果是形成另一个马赛克核型。

A karyotype can be done before birth with an amniocentesis or at any time after birth with the blood test.

核型分在出生前就可以用羊膜穿刺术取样或在出生后采血取样。

Additionally, a karyotype can be done to look for chromosomal abnormalities and specific genetic tests can be ordered if there’s a family history of Fragile-X syndrome.

此外，可进行核型分以寻找染色体异常，如果有脆性X染色体家族史，可以进行特定的基因检测。

Just how many of these abnormalities linked with Turner syndrome are actually present depends on the proportion of cells the person has with the 45, X karyotype.

这些与特纳相关的异常会出现多少，取决于一个人拥有45, X染色体核型细胞的比例。

The next most common scenario is mosaicism, meaning the individuals have some cells in their body with the 45, X karyotype and others with a 46, XX karyotype.

另一种最常见的情况是嵌体，这意味着个体体内的一些细胞具有45, X核型，而另一些细胞具有46, XX核型。