She says the ancient microbes were able to exist by eating minerals such as iron and manganese.

她表示，这种古老的微生分解铁和猛等矿质得以存活。

It all starts when iron and manganese oxides latch on to the rock.

这一切都始于铁和锰的氧化附岩石上。

For the shadows that form the contours around Mona Lisa's smile, Leonardo pioneered the use of an iron and manganese mix.

对于构成蒙娜丽莎微笑轮廓的阴影，莱昂纳多率先使用了铁和锰的混合。

Then, little by little, manganese and iron oxides attach to this debris just like they attach to exposed rock.

然后，锰和铁的氧化逐渐附这些碎片上，就像它们附裸露的岩石上一样。

All this iron and manganese comes from seawater and also from liquids that squeeze out from pores in the sediments beneath the rocks.

所有这些铁和锰都来自海水，也有来自从岩石下方沉孔隙中挤出的液体。

They believe these microbes speed up the process by taking manganese from the seawater, converting it to manganese oxide, and depositing it on the clump.

他们相信这些微生从海水中提取锰，将其转化为氧化锰，并将其沉块上，从而加快了这一程。

These lumpy rocks are known as manganese nodules, and they grow in underwater fields more than 3500 meters below the surface.

这些块状岩石被称为锰结核，它们生长地表以下 3500 多米的水下。

These so-called cobalt-rich crusts contain metals like cobalt, iron, and manganese, as well as rare earth metals like tellurium and platinum.

这些所谓的富钴结壳含有钴、铁和锰等金属，以及碲和铂等稀土金属。

The crew of that expedition dragged up a few lumpy rocks from the seafloor and were surprised to find that they were big hunks of manganese oxide.

探险队的船员从海底拖出几块块状岩石，惊讶地发现它们是大块的氧化锰。

We couldn't even give them lunch because all our foods contain traces of manganese, selenium, zinc, and other elemental particles at least some of which would be poisonous to them.

我们甚至无法招待他们吃午饭，因为我们的食里都含有微量锰、硒、锌，和别的元素粒子，起码其中有一些对他们来说是有毒性的。

Today we know that there are thousands of square kilometers of these nodules growing on the seafloor, and they contain more manganese than there is anywhere on land.

今天我们知道有数千平方公里的这种结核生长海底，它们含有的锰比陆地上任何地方都多。

Finally, the last process we're going to look at in our tour of the seafloor produces what might be the oddest of our ocean treasures: a potato-shaped clump made of minerals containing manganese, iron, and smaller amounts of other metals.

最后，我们海底之旅中看到的最后一个程产生了可能是我们海洋宝藏中最奇怪的东西：由含有锰、铁和少量其他金属的矿质制成的土豆状块。