During the first cellular division called meiosis I, the chromosomal pairs are separated.

第一次细胞，即第一次减数后，配对的同源染色体离。

To do this, the primary oocytes have to complete meiosis 1, and in a person’s lifetime only about 400 successfully do that.

要变成配子就必须要经历第一次减数，一个人的一生中大概只有400个初级卵母细胞可以做到。

The secondary oocyte stops in metaphase of meiosis 2, and waits for fertilization as the menstrual cycle transitions into the luteal phase.

次级卵泡会在第二次减数中停止，并且在卵泡向黄体转换的时候等待受精。

The first stage lasts from infancy to puberty, and during this stage the primary oocyte remains stuck in the prophase step of meiosis 1.

第一阶段从婴儿到，初级卵母细胞还停留在第一次减数的前。

This triggers the primary oocyte within the dominant follicle to finally complete meiosis 1, and turn into a secondary oocyte, which has 23 chromosomes.

这使得优势卵泡里的初级卵母细胞最终完成第一次减数，变成了有23条染色体的次级卵母细胞。

More base pairs and more exons mean that there are more chances for mistakes during meiosis, which is when the egg or sperm are being created.

更多的碱基对和外显子意味着减数时有更多出错的可能，导致生成X染色体上有错误编码序列的卵细胞或者精子。

Basically, a section of the chromosome - for example the short arm - is deleted at some point during meiosis, but the rest of the chromosome is passed on.

基本上就是染色体的一部，例如短臂，在减数过程中的某个时刻被删除，但染色体的其余部被传递下去。

This can happen as a result of nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis, and it happens more frequently in sperm cells - but egg cells can also be affected.

这可能是由于细胞在减数间性染色体未离造成的，且这一情况在精子细胞中发生得更频繁，不过在卵细胞中也可能出现。

When this nerve is injured, it causes Horner's syndrome, which is a triad of three symptoms: meiosis or constricted pupil, ptosis (a droopy eyelid), and anhidrosis (the inability to sweat).

T1受损会引起Horner综合征，由一组三联征构成——瞳孔缩小、上睑下垂、无汗。

In a secondary follicle, the primary oocyte is still in the prophase step of meiosis 1, but now the follicle has additional layers of granulosa cells, as well as theca cells.

次级卵泡中的初级卵母细胞还是停留在第一次减数前，卵泡多了几层颗粒细胞，以及卵泡内膜细胞。

In Klinefelter syndrome, the sex chromosome pairs which is either XX or XY don't separate in meiosis I in the male or female germ cell and this resulted in two gametes with a pair of X chromosomes and two gametes without X chromosomes.

Klinefelter综合征中，配对的XX或XY性染色体对在父亲或母亲的第一次减数中没有离，从产生了两个有两条X染色体的配子以及两个没有X染色体的配子。