Certain genes can be switched off to prevent melanocytes from maturing.

某些基因可以被关闭以防止素细熟。

First, they thought it could be the immune system attacking the melanocyte stem cell population.

他们一开始认为可能是免疫系统攻击素细干细群。

The melanocytes make the pigment, which is then packed into small packets of pigment called melanosomes.

素细制造素，然后将其包装称为素体小包素。

Melanocytes associated with the hair root will deposit melanin to the cells that compose our hair.

与发根相关素细会将素沉积到构我们头发细中。

The chemical then flowed through the stem cells up into the hair follicles -- where melanocytes are kept.

然后，这种化学物质会流过干细，流至头发皮--生素细就得以保留。

If that damage is severe enough, the cells mutations can lead to melanoma, a deadly cancer that forms in the skin's melanocytes.

当DNA受到严重破坏时，会使细突变导致素瘤，一种由素细致命癌症。

The research focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs.

这项研究重点关注小鼠皮肤中细，也在人类中发现了称为素干细（McSC）细。

How long your melanocytes last—and therefore when you “go gray”—is mostly determined by your genetics.

你素细能持续多久——以及你何时“变白” ——主要取决于你基因。

Each hair gets its color from melanin, a pigment made by specialized cells called melanocytes in hair follicles.

每根头发颜都来自素， 素是一种由毛中称为素细特殊细制素。

And it doesn’t affect melanocytes, so for young people, the hair that falls out grows back its normal color.

而且它不会影响素细， 因此对于年轻人来说， 掉落头发会重新长出正常颜。

Coat colour, an important consideration for many owners, is easily dealt with by picking the right pattern of melanocyte cells in the skin.

许多宠物主人都比较在意动物皮毛颜，要打印出不同颜只需要在皮肤中选取合适素细排列式就能轻松实现。

They recruited a paleoartist to construct a life-size color model of Psittacosaurus, using careful measurements of the fossilized body and pattern of melanocytes.

他们招募了一位古生物学家，通过仔细测量化石化身体和素细模式，构建了真人大小鹦鹉嘴龙彩模型。

Just like forest-dwellers today, the countershading pattern produced by the dinosaur’s melanocytes was probably subtle, switching from dark to light fairly low on its body.

就像今天森林居民一样，恐龙素细产生反阴影图案可能很微妙， 在其身体相当低地方从暗切换到亮。

So it's thought that the stress, that stress causes oxidative damage, which may cause damage to the melanocytes and may cause us to grow gray earlier.

因此人们认为压力会导致氧化损伤，这可能会损害素细， 并可能导致我们更早变白。

A senior investigator on the study, Mayumi Ito, said: " It is the loss of chameleon-like function in melanocyte stem cells that may be responsible for greying and loss of hair colour."

该研究高级研究员伊藤真由美（音译）表示：“素干细变功能丧失可能是导致头发变白和褪原因。”

But as we age, there's declining levels of catalase, and this allows the build-up of hydrogen peroxide in the hair bulb, which damages and destroys the melanocytes, or the pigment producing cells, of our hair.

但随着年龄增长，过氧化氢酶水平会下降，这会导致毛球中过氧化氢积聚，从而损害和破坏头发素细或产生素细。

When scientists looked at tiny zebras fetuses as they developed, they observed that genes related to melanin production were selectively switched off in those areas destined to become white stripes, especially those involved in melanocytes maturing.

当科学家们观察发育过程中小斑马胎儿时，他们观察到与素产生相关基因在那些注定会变白条纹区域被选择性地关闭，尤其是那些参与素细熟区域。