In Parkinson’s, these darkened areas of substantia nigra gradually disappear.

患有帕金森时，黑质深色区域逐渐消失。

No matter the cause is, Parkinson’s derives from the death of dopamine-producing, or dopaminergic, neurons in the substantia nigra.

无论如何，帕金森源于黑质中生产多巴胺经（即多巴胺能经）死亡。

Second, there’s the pars compacta, and this is the part of the substantia nigra affected in Parkinson’s.

然后是致密部，这是帕金森病时黑质受影响部分。

They were studying a social species of spider called Chikunia nigra, living near Beratan Lake in Bali.

当时他们在研究一种生活在巴厘岛贝拉坦湖畔、名为Chikunia nigra。

The misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates to form Lewy bodies that deposit inside neurons, particularly in the cortex and the substantia nigra.

错误折叠α-突触核蛋白聚集形成路易小体，沉积在经元中，尤其是在皮层和黑质中。

Under a microscope, Lewy bodies, which are eosinophilic, round inclusions made of alpha-synuclein protein are present in the affected substantia nigra neurons before they die.

显微镜下，路易小体——即由α突触核蛋白构成嗜酸包含体，可在受损黑质经元死亡前，于细胞内被观察到。

The substantia nigra is a part of the basal ganglia, a collection of brain regions that control movement through their connections with the motor cortex.

黑质是基底节一部分；基底节是大脑几个区域集合，通过与运动皮质连接来控制动作。

Therefore, when substantia nigra pars compacta neurons die, the individual may be in a hypokinetic or low movement state which is commonly seen in Parkinson’s.

因此，当黑质致密部经元死亡时，患者可能处于运动减弱状态，可常见于帕金森病。

The name substantia nigra means “black substance, ” since it is darker than other brain regions when you look at a slice of the brain on an autopsy.

Substantia Nigra之所以叫“黑质”，是因为当观察大脑尸检切片时，黑质比大脑其他部分颜色更深。

In contrast, neurons in a section of the midbrain called the substantia nigra are in charge of initiating movement and other motor function.

相形之下，中脑有一个区域叫做黑质，黑质经元负责运动设计启动以及其他运动功能。

In addition to simply initiating movements, the substantia nigra helps to calibrate and fine tune the way that movements happen, which leads to the clinical features of Parkinson’s.

在引发动作阶段，黑质可以参与微调和校准动作发生，这就可以解释帕金森临床症状。

All right, as a quick recap: Lewy body dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by aggregation of the misfolded protein alpha-synuclein inside of neurons in the brain cortex and substantia nigra.

好，快速回顾一下～路易体痴呆，是一种经退行疾病，由错误折叠α-突触核蛋白聚集在大脑皮层以及黑质经元内部而引起。

We usually refer to the substantia nigra as if it’s in a single location, but there are actually two of these regions in the brain, one on each side of the midbrain.

“黑质”听起来像是指某个具体位置，但实际上是指大脑中两个区域，分别位于中脑两侧。