A therapeutic dose decreases noradrenaline enough to cause side effects like constipation.

治疗剂量阿片类药物会导致去甲肾上腺素水平减少，从而引发一些副作用，比如便秘。

The ACC and OFC notify the noradrenaline system of your lack of certainty.

ACC 和 OFC 会给去甲肾上腺系统传达缺乏确定性信息。

Simply put, you become distracted because noradrenaline is making other things more interesting.

简单来说，就是你被分散了注力，因去甲肾上腺素让其他不相平事变得更有。

We will have a huge increase by 2.5-fold of noradrenaline within a few minutes.

我们会在几分钟内大量增加 2.5 倍去甲肾上腺素。

The body compensates by increasing its number of noradrenaline receptors so it can detect much smaller amounts of noradrenaline.

了对抗这种变化，人体会增加去甲肾上腺素受体数量，以便能侦测到更低 去甲肾上腺素。

It will immediately increase noradrenaline in the body to activate our fight and flight system.

它会立即增加体内去甲肾上腺素，以激活我们战斗和逃跑系统。

At the same time, opioids suppress the release of noradrenaline, which influences wakefulness, breathing, digestion, and blood pressure.

与此同时，阿片类药物 会抑制去甲肾上腺素分泌，从而影响清醒、呼吸、消化和血压。

Noradrenaline levels can increase within a day of ceasing opioid use.

去甲肾上腺素水平能在停止服用阿片类药物一天之内增加。

Some research has found that there is a loss of noradrenaline neurons in the brain in Parkinson's patients.

有研究发现，帕金森患者脑内缺少“去甲肾上腺素神经元”。

And so caffeine prevents this from happening, while also causing the body to increase production of dopamine and noradrenaline.

所以咖啡因可以阻止这种情况发生，同时也会导致身体产生更多多巴胺或肾上腺素。

That means there's a period of time when the body is too sensitive to noradrenaline.

这味着，人体会有一段时间对去甲肾上腺素过于敏感。

But the body takes much longer to get rid of all the extra noradrenaline receptors it made.

但是人体需要更长时间才能除掉体内生成额外去甲肾上腺素受体。

Meanwhile, painkillers, like morphine, raise levels of serotonin and noradrenaline, which regulate energy, arousal, alertness, and pleasure.

同时，吗啡等止痛药会提高血清素和去甲肾上腺素水平，从而调节能量、觉醒、警觉性和愉悦感。

The sympathetic neurons releases norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, and the cells of the adrenal medulla release norepinephrine and epinephrine, also called adrenaline.

交感神经元释放去甲肾上腺素，而肾上腺髓质细胞释放去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素。

And some GPCRs in our brain control levels of chemicals like serotonin and noradrenaline, which scientists believe are key players in bipolar disorder.

我们大脑中一些 GPCRs 控制着血清素和去甲肾上腺素等化学物质水平，科学家们认这是双相情感障碍关键因素。

It also activates noradrenaline receptors, which increases the heart rate, dilates pupils, and triggers the body's fight or flight response.

它还会激活去甲肾上腺素受体，从而增加心率、放大瞳孔并触发身体战斗或逃跑反应。

So we'll see basically some noradrenaline was released then, and she's gone into a much more vigilant state of mind.

所以我们基本上会看到一些去甲肾上腺素被释放，她精神状态变得更加警惕。

At the same time, it increases the production of vasopressin and noradrenaline throughout the brain, which help control our sleep cycles.

同时，它会增加整个大脑中加压素和去甲肾上腺素产生，这有助于控制我们睡眠周期。

As people take more opioids to compensate for tolerance, noradrenaline levels become lower and lower, to a point that could impact basic bodily functions.

随着人们摄取更多阿片类药物以补偿耐药性作用，去甲肾上腺素水平就会逐渐降低，直到开始影响人体基本功能。

This increased sensitivity to noradrenaline allows the body to continue functioning normally— in fact, it becomes dependent on opioids to maintain the new balance.

这种对去甲肾上腺素敏感增加，让人体得以继续正常运作；事实上，人体变得必须依赖阿片类药物才能维持这种新平衡。