This myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, which are a group of cells that support neurons.

由支持经元少突胶质细胞形成。

Without oligodendrocytes, there’s no myelin to cover the neurons, and this leaves behind areas of scar tissue, also called plaques or sclera.

没了少突胶质细胞，也就没有保护经元，还会留下斑痕组织（硬化斑）。

Unfortunately, though, over time as the oligodendrocytes die off the remyelination stops and the damage becomes irreversible with the loss of axons.

病情长期下去为少突胶质细胞死亡，将停止再生，并且经元轴索减少，这些损伤不可逆。

Those B-cells begin to make antibodies that mark the myelin sheath proteins, and then the macrophages use those antibody markers to engulf and destroy the oligodendrocytes.

那些B淋巴细胞分泌抗体，标记于蛋白上，巨噬细胞利用抗体标志吞噬摧毁少突胶质细胞。

Early on in multiple sclerosis, the oligodendrocytes will heal and extend out new myelin to cover the neurons, which is a process called remyelination.

多发性硬化早期，少突胶质细胞可以自我修复，形成新包裹住经元，叫作再生。

In other words, an autoimmune attack on the oligodendrocytes might happen, and then regulatory T cells will come in to inhibit or calm down the other immune cells, leading to a reduction in the inflammation.

换个说法，自身免疫攻击少突胶质细胞后，T调节淋巴细胞会赶到并安抚其它免疫细胞，从而减轻炎症。