Each lung is contained within a pleural cavity.

双肺均位于胸内。

Each pleural cavity is defined by a space surrounding each lung and is lined by a pleural membrane.

每个胸肺周间隙限定，内有胸。

You don’t usually see pleural effusions which are fluid collections in the pleural space right outside of the lungs.

胸积液，也就是在肺间隙有液体积聚，在COVID-19患者很少出现。

The pleural membrane is made up of two layers.

胸两层构。

This pleural fluid is similar to interstitial fluid and is made slippery by proteins like albumin.

胸积液类似于组织液，其中蛋白质使其有滑作用，比如白蛋白。

The high pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the pleural space.

高压促使液体流出毛细血管，进入胸。

Pleural effusions are fluid that collects at the costophrenic angle and causes blunting of the normally sharp costophrenic angle.

胸积液是积聚在肋膈角的液体，可使平时尖锐的肋膈角变钝。

If a hole is created in the chest wall, the pleural cavity becomes open to the atmosphere.

如果胸壁上形，胸则对外气体开放。

Each pleural cavity is lined by a pleural membrane that is composed of two layers.

每个胸两层脏壁构的胸层构。

In summary, each pleural cavity is defined by a space surrounding each lung and lined by a pleural membrane.

总之，每个胸包饶肺和胸层间的间隙构。

Air rushes into the pleural cavity, and the intrapleural pressure increases as it equilibrates with the atmospheric pressure.

气体涌入胸，随着逐渐与大气压保持平衡，胸内压升高。

Just like an abscess, the infected pleural space can develop fibrinous walls and have loculations.

像脓肿一样，被感染的胸能形纤维壁和多个小。

Finally, there can be a lymphatic pleural effusion, called a chylothorax.

最后，可能会形淋巴性胸积液，称作乳糜胸。

A pneumothorax is a collection of air in the pleural cavity resulting in a collapsed lung.

气胸指胸中气体聚集，导致肺塌陷。

Symptoms of a pleural effusions mostly depend on it’s size.

胸积液的症状主要取决于积液的多少。

In a chylothorax, the thoracic duct is disrupted, and lymphatic fluid accumulates in the pleural space.

乳糜胸是于胸导管破裂导致淋巴液积聚于胸。

Alright, as a quick recap - a pleural effusion is when fluid collects in the pleural space around the lungs, restricting expansion and causing pain and difficulty breathing.

得！快速回顾一下：胸积液是指液体汇聚于包绕在肺周围的胸内，限制肺扩张，造胸痛和呼吸困难。

E is also a reminder to check for a pleural effusion, which is a common but subtle form of pathology that you can see on an x-ray.

E也提醒我们注意胸积液" Effusion" ，这是一种常见、但在胸片上不明显的病变。

Pleural effusions can be due to excess fluid collection, transudative and exudative, or due to blockage of lymphatic drainage.

胸积液是于液体形过快，分漏出性胸水与渗出性胸水，或者于淋巴引流阻塞，液体吸收过缓。

An exudative pleural effusions is due to inflammation of the pulmonary capillaries which makes them much more leaky.

渗出性胸积液是因为肺毛细血管发炎，变得更易漏出。