OK, same parties make sense, but privity.

好，同样当事人合乎理，但“privity”（利害）这个词听起来总有点令人望而生畏。

OK, give me some examples of what kind of relationships would create privity.

好，请给我一些例子，说明什么样会构成当事人。

Moving to the second element, we must consider whether the parties in both actions are the same or in legal privity.

向第二个要素，我们必须考虑两案中当事人是否相同或处于法律上联。

Are there any other situations where privity might come up that we should be aware of for exam purposes?

还有哪些况下可能会涉及合同相对性问题，是我们为了考试需要特别注意呢？

The case exemplifies how issue preclusion may bind even the federal government, provided the requirements are met, and further illustrates the flexible application of privity principles.

此案展示了在满足条件况下， 既判力如何能够约束联邦政府，并进一步阐明了当事人原则灵活应用。

Like if you buy a piece of property from someone, you're generally considered to be in privity with them for any claims related to that property.

例如， 如果你从某人那里购买了一处房产，通常会被视为与他们就该房产相任何索赔存在合同。

So privity basically means a close enough relationship to the original party that the law treats you as standing in their shoes for the purposes of res judicata.

因此，“privity”基本上意味着与原当事人之间存在足够紧密，以至于在既判力问题上，法律视你为站在他们立场上。

The second element is that the parties in the second lawsuit have to be the same as the parties in the first lawsuit, or at least in privity with those parties.

第二个要素是， 第二起诉讼中当事人必须与第一起诉讼中当事人相同，或者至少与那些当事人有直接利害。

So if someone dies and their site is being handled by an executor, the executor is in privity with the deceased person for any claims related to the estate.

因此， 若某人去世后其网站由执行人处理，则执行人就与该逝者处于直接中， 涉及遗产任何索赔事宜。

If someone assigns their right to sue to another party, the assignee is generally in privity with the assigner and bound by any prior judgments related to that claim.

如果某人将其起诉权让给另一方，受让人通常与让人处于直接中， 并受与该索赔相任何先前判决约束。

So in a later lawsuit, the child might be considered in privity with the parent and bound by the outcome of the earlier case, even though they weren't formally named as a party.

因此，在后续诉讼中， 孩子可能被视为与父母存在诉讼上连续性， 从而受先前案件结果约束，尽管他们并未正式被列为当事人。