And probiotic products, such as yogurt, are minimally effective.

是酸奶等的益生菌产品往往收效甚微。

And it is also easily obtainable for use as a probiotic from health-food shops.

并作为一种益生菌，很容易在保健食品店中买到。

But after feeding the mice with specific probiotics to help cultivate healthy microbiomes, the symptoms were alleviated.

但在给老鼠喂食特定的益生菌以帮助它们自身培养出健康的微生物群落后，症状就有所缓解。

More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories.

最近，人们对益生菌和植物性肉类也有类似的怀疑，但两者都已迅速进入超市的主要品类。

All the coral showed signs of bleaching as the temperature increased, but the coral treated with probiotics recovered faster.

随着气温上升，所有珊瑚都显现出白化迹象，但益生菌救助过的珊瑚恢复速度更快。

The doctors treated the man by having him take antifungal drugs and probiotics to restore his good bacteria.

医生通过让他服用抗真菌药和益生菌来恢复他的有益细菌来对他进行治疗。

The process is similar to how we work with microbiomes and probiotics in people.

该过程跟人类与体内微生物组和益生菌的互动类似。

The probiotics currently on the market may simply lack sufficient personalization.

现在市场上的益生菌可能仅仅是缺少足够的个性化。

You hear a lot about how what you eat will affect your microbiome. Probiotics. Prebiotics. Stuff like that.

你听过很多有关食物如何影响你的微生物群的说法。微生物群包括益生菌和益生元等。

One study followed 46 melanoma patients through a course of immunotherapy. Almost half of them took probiotic supplements.

一项研究跟踪了46名进行免疫治疗的黑色素瘤患者。其中几乎一半的人服用益生菌补充剂。

As part of the study, one member of the couple consumed a probiotic yogurt drink loaded with certain bacteria.

其中一项研究要求情侣中的一人进食具有特定细菌的益生菌酸奶饮品。

These patients were 70 percent less likely to respond to the immunotherapy than those who did not take probiotics.

与未服用益生菌的患者相比，这些患者对免疫疗法有反应的可能性要低70%。

The team also looked at how adding this probiotic cocktail changed the coral's microbiome and—how it changed the coral itself.

团队还关注了加入这种混合益生菌后，珊瑚微生物组和珊瑚自身是如何改变的。

Adding the probiotic changed the composition of the coral's microbiome.

加入益生菌，会改变珊瑚微生物组的构成。

Previous work had shown that bolstering the coral's bacterial microbiome by giving them doses of probiotics helped them survive challenging conditions.

先前研究已经显示，通过给珊瑚一定剂量益生菌来改善珊瑚细菌种群，能帮助其在困难条件下存活。

But recent studies have begun to question these claims and even indicate that taking probiotic pills can be harmful in certain circumstances.

但是最近的研究已经开始质疑这些说法，甚至表明在某些情况下吃益生菌药是有害的。

Those are just a few of the many health benefits ascribed to probiotics, the living micro-organisms in the human digestive tract called the microbiome.

这些只是益生菌众多健康益处中的几个，人类消化道中的活微生物被称为微生物组。

Now, another word with the prefix pro- that is used a lot when talking about food is probiotic. Probiotics are good bacteria that help to keep you healthy.

在谈论食物时经常使用另一个前缀为 pro- 的单词，那就是 probiotic（益生菌）。Probiotic 是帮助你保持健康的好细菌。

A 30 day study comparing people who ate probiotic yogurt found a decrease in the levels of anxiety and depression compared to people who consumed milk with no bacteria.

一项为期30天的研究对食用益生菌酸奶的人进行了比较，发现与食用不含细菌的牛奶的人相比，食用益生菌酸奶的人的焦虑和抑郁程度有所下降。

Dr. Voolstra and his team were really interested in research that took a new approach to helping coral cope with increased ocean temperatures: treating them with probiotics.

Voolstra 博士和他的团队兴致勃勃地做了相关研究，该研究采用新方法帮助珊瑚对付海洋温度上升，也就是用益生菌治疗珊瑚。