This closes the circuit and turns the transistor on.

这两个极就会形成通路。

There were no transistors in the box, no wires or tubes.

木盒里没有晶体管，没有，没有真空管。

Only if transistor A AND transistor B are on does the output wire have current.

只有当晶体管A和晶体管B同事打开时，输出路才会有流输出。

But even a present-day transistor operates at the Gigahertz.

但是就算是现在晶体 都以千兆赫频率运。

One, the atomic transistor, draws on the latest advances in nanoscience.

其中一种就是原子晶体管，它利用了最新纳米科技。

Ones and zeroes representing the on and off states of the transistor.

“1”和“0”代表晶体管开关状态。

Thanks for taking advantage of all your tiny transistors today by watching this episode of Crash Course Chemistry.

感谢你今天利用你小小晶体管看这一学速成课。

He says researchers want transistors to be seen through and soft.

研究者希望晶体管是透明、柔软。

Building an OR gate from transistors needs a few extra wires.

在晶体管中构建一个或门需要一点额外路。

And you go on through transistors. And suddenly you are in the digital age.

然后通过晶体管传递声音，最后我们突然间进入了数码时代。

However, transistors come in two varieties, n-type (negative) and p-type (positive).

不过，晶体管却有两种，一种是N型（负），一种是P型（正）。

Same thing if transistor A is off, but Transistor B in on.

如果将晶体管A关闭，但是晶体管B打开，情况同上。

Instead of having two transistors in series -- one after the other -- we have them in parallel.

我们拿出之前出现过两个晶体管，但是用并联来代替之前串联。

First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.

开始记忆被存放于子管里，然后是晶体管和后来更小晶片。

If we turn on just transistor A, current won’t flow because the current is stopped by transistor B.

如果我们只打开晶体管A，流是不会流通。因为晶体管B是关闭。

Get your batteries out to get your flashlights out, to get your transistor radio out.

出门要带上手筒, 池，还有收音机。

He says researchers want transistors to be see through and soft.

他说研究者希望晶体管能透明、柔软。

He says the traditional transistor has been improved as much as it can be.

他说传统晶体管已经达到潜能极限。

Also, if both transistors are on, the output is still on.

若两个晶体管同时打开，输出依旧为 on 。

Yet, nestling amid the quarks and transistors and the nucleic acids and nanotubes, there is a question.

然而，就在夸克、半导体、核酸和纳米管等 涌现同时，出现了一个问题。