Chronic gout can eventually lead to permanent deposits of urate crystals—called tophi, which form along the bones just beneath the skin.

慢性痛风导致结晶的永久性沉积，形成痛风石，附于骨头，止于皮下。

At a physiologic pH of about 7.4, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium and forms monosodium urate crystals.

生理环境下，体液的pH值约为7.4，此时失去一个质，变为离；离与钠离结合，形成单钠盐结晶。

At a physiologic pH, uric acid loses a proton and becomes a urate ion, which then binds sodium, forming monosodium urate which crystallizes and ultimately forms uric acid stones.

生理PH值下，失去一个质变成盐离，随之与钠结合，形成单钠盐，结晶后形成结石。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风的病人罹患性肾结石以及性肾病的风险也升高；性肾病中，结晶沉积于肾脏间质。