Next, let's talk about the vacuole.

接着说说泡吧。

The role of the vacuole is to provide support for the cell shape and to store sugars.

泡的作用是为细胞形状提供支持并储存糖分。

A plant cell usually has one large vacuole, whereas an animal cell may have several smaller ones, called vesicles.

植细胞通常有一泡，而动细胞可能会有许多较小的泡，成为囊泡。

That way, the cells would use autophagy to send stuff to the vacuole.

这样，细胞就会利用自噬将质送到泡。

Then the cell flushes digestive enzymes inside the food vacuole to start the digestion.

然后细胞冲洗食泡内的消化酶以开始消化。

Finally, plant cells also contain structures known as vacuoles; these are filled with a watery substance which contains dissolved sugars called cell sap.

最后，植细胞还包含被称为泡的；这些泡中充满了含有溶解糖分的水样质，称为细胞。

But it is trapped inside of a food vacuole now, a compartment that exists to break this rotifer down.

但现在它被困在一食泡里，这就是为了分解这只轮虫而存在的。

Sure, the rotifer can try and fight against the walls of the vacuole holding it hostage.

当然，轮虫可以尝试对抗困住它的食泡的壁。

While some animal cells have small ones, as much as ninety percent of a plant cell's volume can be taken up by the vacuole.

一些动细胞的泡很小，而植细胞的泡占细胞体积的 90% 之多。

A food vacuole is a hostile place to be, and for minutes, its destructive tools will go to work.

一食泡是危险的地方，几分钟内，它的破坏工具就会开始工作。

The membrane pinches off into a little sphere called a vesicle or a vacuole, and voila—the substance is now inside the cell!

膜向内凹陷形成一小球状，称为囊泡或泡，就这样——质现在进入细胞内部了！

And vacuoles are also more of a plant thing — they're fluid-filled organelles that maintain pressure in the plant cell to keep the plant from wilting.

泡更像是植的东西——它们是充满体的细胞器，在植细胞中保持压力，防止植枯萎。

Because each vacuole formed at a different time, they are in different stages of digestion which gives this cell it's colorful polka dots.

因为每食泡形成的时间不同，它们处于不同的消化阶段，这使得这细胞呈现出多彩的波点状。

There are ways around this problem, like the green sulfur bacteria that just go up in the water column by producing gas vacuoles.

有解决这问题的方法，比如绿硫细菌，它们通过产生气体泡囊向上移动到水柱中。

The insides need to be empty of any ciliates they might have eaten, that are now taking up residence inside of a food vacuole.

内部需要清空任何它们可能吃下的纤毛虫，这些纤毛虫现在正栖息在一食泡内。

Their relationship reminds us a bit of Paramecium bursaria and the green algae Chlorella that live as endosymbionts inside of vacuoles specially designed to hold them.

它们的关系有点像豆形虫和生活在特化泡中的绿藻小球藻的内共生关系。

There are a few species that have vacuoles that can fill or release gas to help them move up and down the water column.

有一些种拥有可以充气或放气的泡，帮助它们在水柱中上下移动。

Among heterotrophic single-celled eukaryotes, food is taken into the cell in various methods but once it's there, it's wrapped by a membrane and forms something called a food vacuole.

在异养的单细胞真核生中，食通过各种方法进入细胞， 但一旦进入，就会被膜包裹形成所谓的食泡。

The vampyrellid catches their food  and then swallows them up in a food vacuole that can break down the prey to extract the nutrients they need.

吸血虫目捕获食后，会将其吞入一食泡中，这食泡可以分解猎以提取所需的营养。

Then, Ohsumi altered different genes, to figure out which ones were responsible for sending the old parts to the vacuole in the first place -- this is the actual autophagy process.

然后， 隅良典改变了不同的基因，以确定哪些基因负责将旧的部分送到泡中——这就是实际的自噬过程。