Cells do this by enclosing their contents in tiny sacks, called vesicles.

细胞将自己包裹在一个小袋子里，这个小袋子叫做囊。

Those vesicles then get transported to an organelle within the cell called the lysosome.

之后囊被运输到细胞内被称为溶酶体的细胞器中。

They started by getting this to work on the gas vesicles alone.

他研究，让气囊单独经历这一过程。

You can think of snare proteins as the rails, and the vesicles as trains that are loaded with neurotransmitters.

你可以把SNARE蛋白想象成铁路，把囊想象成装载神经递质的列车。

A plant cell usually has one large vacuole, whereas an animal cell may have several smaller ones, called vesicles.

植物细胞通常有一个大液，而动物细胞可能有许多较小的液，成为囊。

Sure enough, they could see the vesicles breaking and forming the bubbles, which would then pop.

果然，他能看到气囊裂和形成之后爆破的气。

Over time, they become elevated and develop into papules, and then into small fluid-filled vesicles.

然后为丘疹和小而紧张的水疱。

Their lab had already been doing a lot of work with programming cells to create tiny structures called gas vesicles.

他的实验室已经对编辑细胞做了大量研究，来制造“气囊”这种微型结构。

Within 1 to 2 days the vesicles begin to crust over and form scabs.

一到两天内水疱变硬成痂。

Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by the reactivation of the virus, with vesicles located along one dermatome.

带状疱疹是由病毒重新激活导致的，皮损沿皮节呈带状排列。

But recently they had the idea that maybe they could use these vesicles for other purposes—namely, by using ultrasound to intentionally burst the bubbles.

或许可以将这些气囊用作其它目的——也就是用超声有意地让气破裂。

Volunteers would be injected with a radioactive substance that links up to a protein in the vesicles, or storage containers, used by synapses.

志愿者被注射一种放射性物质，与囊中的蛋白质或突触使用的存储容器相连接。

Once they get inside, tetanospasmin cleaves SNARE proteins, which are proteins that pull vesicles that are loaded with neurotransmitters to the neuron membrane.

一旦入，破伤风痉挛毒素将剪切SNARE蛋白；SNARE蛋白能够将装有神经递质的囊拉向神经细胞膜。

Dr. Shapiro and his team had previously been able to put the genes for making gas vesicles into mammalian cells or other bacteria.

此前，Shapiro 博士和他的团队能够将负责制造气囊的基因，放哺乳动物细胞内或其它细菌内。

They pulled a bunch of gas vesicles out of cells (an easy procedure because they just float to the top) and hit them with ultrasound.

他从细胞中抽取一些气囊（该过程很简单，因为它就浮在最上面）并用超声撞击它。

Chickenpox is characterized by a rash on the scalp, face, and trunk that contains macules, papules, vesicles and scabs at the same time.

水痘的特点是头皮、面部和躯干同时出现斑疹、丘疹、水疱与痂。

So they tried the same experiments again, but this time they used bacteria that were engineered not only to make gas vesicles but also to home in on tumors.

因此他再次做了相同实验，但这次他用的基因改造细菌不仅能产生气囊，还能瞄准肿瘤。

When activated, the insulin receptors cause vesicles containing glucose transporter that are inside the cell to fuse with the cell membrane, allowing glucose to be transported into the cell.

被激活时，胰岛素受体让细胞内含有葡萄糖转运蛋白的囊和细胞膜融合，使葡萄糖入细胞内。

The rash itself is usually in a single stripe of vesicles around either the left or the right side of the body or on one side of the face.

皮损由带状排列的小水组成，一般发生在身体或面部的一侧。

Since the trigeminal and sacral nuclei serve just one side of the face or body, herpes vesicles and ulcers develop on the ipsilateral or same side as the affected nuclei.

因为三叉神经核和骶神经核只支配脸部或身体的一侧，所以，疱疹和溃疡也发生在被感染的神经核的同侧。