2.Bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 8--20 × as long as wide, apex acuminate or cirrose.
苞线形到线状披针形，8-20*倍于宽，渐尖或有卷须。(7
3.In the daisy family the numerous bracts which subtend the inflorescence are known as an involucre.
在菊科植物中，苞数目多而聚生在花序外围，称为总苞。
4.Nectaries 2--3 mm; style lobes 2--3 mm; bracts not cirrose at apex.
蜜腺2--3毫米；花柱裂2--3毫米；苞而不是有卷须的在。(18
5.Leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margin spiniform dentate; bracts of cupule subulate, ligulate, or linear, often reflexed.
椭圆形披针形到卵状披针形，边缘具牙齿；钻形，舌状的壳斗的苞，或线形，通常反折。(3
6.Rhizome long and thin or shortly nodulose; leaf blade ternate, petiole narrow; involucral bracts petiolate; pistils and achenes with distinct style and small, usually linear stigma.
根状茎长和薄的或具短的小节；三出的，窄的柄；总苞具柄；雌蕊和瘦果具明显花柱和小，通常线形柱头。(8
7.Utricles convex abaxially, plane or slightly concave adaxially; rostra 1/8-1/5 length of kernel; seed adherent to pericarp; leaves and bracts acute but not acicular at apex.
胞果凸背面，正面的平面或者稍凹；喙1/8-1/5段珠心；种子附着于果皮；和苞锐尖但不是针状的在。
8.Utricles convex on both sides; rostra nearly equal to length of kernel; seed free from pericarp; leaves and bracts acicular to spinulose at apex.
胞果凸的两面；喙差不多等于珠心的长度；种子离生的果皮；对具微刺的在针状的和苞。
9.Rachis and pedicels lanuginose or tomentose; bracts orbicular-ovate, 5–7 mm, both surfaces densely sericeous; calyx adaxially densely sericeous; leaf base subcordate.
；干鳞状舌
；苞
渐尖或有卷须。(7
椭圆形披针形到卵状披针形，边缘具牙齿；钻形，舌状的壳斗的苞
