cystoscopy

The diagnosis was established readily on IVU, cystoscopy, retrograde pyeloureterography or dye studies.

合应用IVU、胱镜、逆行尿管肾盂造影及染料染色检查确诊。

Conclusions:IVU and cystoscopy, especially retrograde ureteropyelography, were essential for the diagnosis of primary ureteral carcinoma.The prognosis correlated with the stage and grade of tumor.

结论：静脉尿路造影、胱镜和逆行肾盂尿管造影是原发性尿管恶性肿瘤的基本检查手段；

The main diagnostic methods included cystoscopy,retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy.24 patients received operation(with 5 surgical choices)and the 5 year survival rate was 59.1%.

24例患者分别接受5种手术治疗。5年生存率为59.1%。