chloroplast 专八

The inside of a chloroplast with the granum circled.

叶绿内部构造与颗粒盘旋。

The chloroplast envelope has the light yellow color of violaxanthin.

叶绿套膜有紫黄质淡黄色。

Pyrenoid A protein structure found in the chloroplasts of green algae and hornworts (Anthocerophyta). Pyrenoids are associated with the storage of starch.

淀粉核，蛋白核：在绿藻和角苔（角苔门）叶绿所现蛋白质结构。淀粉核与淀粉储存有关。

The uniformity of chloroplast grana lamellae,, the numbers and cristae of mitochondria, and the concentration of nucleus karyolymph were different among different mature grade leaves.

不同成熟度叶片超微结构变化明显，主要表现在叶绿片层结构整齐程度、线粒个数和嵴数以及细胞核核液浓度上。

The approaches for decreasing the gene flow include chloroplast transformation, pollen sterility, seed sterility, cleistogamy, apomixis, temporal control, and transgenic mitigation .

目前降低外源基因扩散方法主要有叶绿转化、粉不育、子不育、花受精、融合殖、时性控制及转基因缓和等。